Hydrocephalus Resolution with Third Ventriculostomy with Floor Stenting: Technical Note and Literature Review.

Introduction: The management of refractory obstructive hydrocephalus is a paramount neurosurgical challenge. The endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been accepted as the procedure of choice for obstructive hydrocephalus, depending on the presence of certain risk factors, such as intracranial infections, young age, previous shunt failure and distorted anatomy of the ventricular floor, that predispose occlusion or obstruction of the CSF outflow through the stoma.

Case Report: A 20-year-old man with obstructive hydrocephalus due to primary aqueductal stenosis performed several neurosurgical procedures, including two previous ETV, without long term resolution.

Cortical projection of the inferior choroidal point as a reliable landmark to place the corticectomy and reach the temporal horn through a middle temporal gyrus approach.

Objective: To establish preoperatively the localization of the cortical projection of the inferior choroidal point (ICP) and use it as a reliable landmark when approaching the temporal horn through a middle temporal gyrus access. To review relevant anatomical features regarding selective amigdalohippocampectomy (AH) for treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).

Method: The cortical projection of the inferior choroidal point was used in more than 300 surgeries by one authors as a reliable landmark to reach the temporal horn.

Postpartum Treatment With Immunoglobulin Does Not Prevent Relapses of Multiple Sclerosis in the Mother.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, neurological, immune-mediated disease that can worsen in the postpartum period. There is no consensus on the use of immunoglobulin for prevention of disease relapses after delivery. We have shown that the controversial beneficial effect of immunoglobulin given immediately after birth could not be observed in patients with MS.

Impact of caffeine and/or estrogen deficiency on trabecular bone area and healing: a study in rats.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of caffeine and/or estrogen deficiency on trabecular bone area (TBA) and bone healing in rats.

Materials And Methods: Rats were divided into groups (n=15/group) as follows: control, caffeine, ovariectomy (OVX), and caffeine/OVX. Critical-sized defects were created in the tibiae (57 days after beginning caffeine administration and 43 days after OVX).

Long-term effects of exposure to disease-modifying drugs in the offspring of mothers with multiple sclerosis: a retrospective chart review.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) mainly affects women of fertile age. To date, the only recommendation for women with MS intending to become pregnant is to stop all treatment. This recommendation reflects the concerns about the effects of disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) on the offspring.

Effects of photodynamic therapy on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial biofilms by bioluminescence imaging and scanning electron microscopic analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an alternative approach to biofilm disruption on dental hard tissue, We evaluated the effect of methylene blue and a 660 nm diode laser on the viability and architecture of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial biofilms.

Materials And Methods: Ten human teeth were inoculated with bioluminescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Enterococcus faecalis to form 3 day biofilms in prepared root canals. Bioluminescence imaging was used to serially quantify and evaluate the bacterial viability, and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) imaging was used to assess architecture and morphology of bacterial biofilm before and after PDT employing methylene blue and 40 mW, 660 nm diode laser light delivered into the root canal via a 300 μm fiber for 240 sec, resulting in a total energy of 9.

Effects of Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation on the adhesion to eroded dentin.

Limited information is available regarding the adhesion to eroded dentin. This study aims to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on eroded dentin morphology and on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of adhesive systems to this substrate. Ninety-six extracted third molars were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 12) according to the type of surface treatment and the adhesive system: G1 = Control + Clearfil SE Bond [SE], G2 = Diamond bur [DB] + SE, G3 = Er:YAG laser (60 mJ, 2 Hz, 0.

An 18-year follow-up of seizure outcome after surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis.

Objectives: To evaluate the very long-term clinical outcome of surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE/HS) without atypical features. The impact of surgical technique and postoperative reduction of medication on this outcome was investigated.

Design: Prospective longitudinal cohort follow-up study for up to18 years.

Effects of aerobic exercise training on variability and heart rate kinetic during submaximal exercise after gastric bypass surgery--a randomized controlled trial.

Background: This study aimed to determine whether morbidly obese women have an alteration of heart rate (HR) kinetics and HR variability (HRV) during the 6-min walk test (6MWT) and if an aerobic exercise training can modify these indexes after gastric bypass surgery (GBS).

Design And Methods: Nineteen morbidly obese women were randomized to a trained (TG) or control group and 12 women of eutrophic group (EG) were also evaluated. The obese women were tested on two occasions: 1 week before and 4 months after GBS through record of HR and R-R intervals during 6MWT for analysis HR kinetics.

Effects of ultramorphological changes on adhesion to lased dentin-Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis.

Dentin irradiation with erbium lasers has been reported to alter the composite resin bond to this treated surface. There is still a lack of studies reporting the effect of erbium lasers on dentin organic content and elucidating how laser treatment could interfere in the quality of the resin-dentin interface. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of erbium laser irradiation on dentin morphology and microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of an adhesive to dentin.

Secretion of collagen I and tenascin is modulated by laminin-111 in 3D culture of human adenoid cystic carcinoma cells.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a frequent malignant salivary gland neoplasm with high levels of recurrence and metastasis. This neoplasm expresses prominent extracellular matrix (ECM). We are studying regulatory mechanisms underlying secretion of ECM molecules in adenoid cystic carcinoma.

[Hippocampal microsurgical anatomy regarding the selective amygdalohippocampectomy in the Niemeyer's technique perspective and preoperative method to maximize the corticotomy].

Unlabelled: The deep knowledge of hippocampal microsurgical anatomy is paramount in epilepsy surgery. One of the most used techniques is those proposed by Niemeyer.

Purpose: To describe the hippocampal anatomy in detail and to present a technique in which preoperative anatomical points in MRI are identified to guide the corticotomy.

Pre- and post-operative Wisconsin card sorting test performance in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis.

Unlabelled: Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis (TLE/HS) have a distinct neuropsychological profile, but there is still debate on whether executive dysfunction is part of this profile and also whether temporal lobe surgery can modify this dysfunction.

Objective: To study the presence and reversibility of executive dysfunction in patients with unilateral TLE/HS.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with refractory seizures due to TLE/HS underwent presurgical evaluation which included the application of the Wiconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST).

Seizure and memory outcome following temporal lobe surgery: selective compared with nonselective approaches for hippocampal sclerosis.

Object: The aim of this study was to compare seizure and memory outcome in patients with medically refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE/HS) treated using an anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) or a selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SA).

Methods: Surgical outcome data were prospectively collected for 2 to 11 years in 161 consecutive patients with MTLE/ HS. Eighty patients underwent an ATL and 81 an SA.

The antiepileptic activity of JSTX-3 is mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in human hippocampal neurons.

We analyzed the effect of the acylpolyaminetoxin JSTX-3 on the epileptogenic discharges induced by perfusion of human hippocampal slices with artificial cerebrospinal fluid lacking Mg2+ or N-methyl-D-aspartate. Hippocampi were surgically removed from patients with refractory medial temporal lobe epilepsy, sliced in the surgical room and taken to the laboratory immersed in normal artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Epileptiform activity was induced by perfusion with Mg2+-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid or by iontophoretically applied N-methyl-D-aspartate and intracellular and field recordings of CA1 neurons were performed.

Rabies virus production in high vero cell density cultures on macroporous microcarriers.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the rabies virus multiplication in Vero cell cultures performed on porous microcarriers, MCs (cellulose-Cytopore and gelatin-Cultispher G), which provide higher available surface area compared with solid (nonporous) MCs (DEAE-Cytodex 1). In a set of experiments performed at the same MC concentration (MCs per milliliter), cell densities regularly obtained in porous MC cultures were comparable, but almost twice as high as those in solid MC cultures. In addition, 41.

[Acute intermittent porphyria in childhood].

OBJECTIVE: Porphyries are metabolic disorders of the haem biosynthetic pathway. They result from excessive accumulation of neurotoxic porphyrin precursors. Unlike the majority of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, the porphyries manifest after puberty, and their occurrence in childhood is very rare.

Evaluation of the titanium Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy with and without plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coating on growth and viability of cultured osteoblast-like cells.

Background: Osseointegrated dental implants are currently recognized as a standard treatment method in dentistry. Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are the metals of choice for endosseous parts of currently available dental implants. Ti-6Al-4V is the most used Ti alloy, however; an improved version, Ti-6Al-7Nb, has been recently developed.

Acetylcholinesterase activity in the human subfornical organ.

The acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in the human subfornical organ (SFO) was detected by the method of Koelle and Friedenwald in 16 human brains collected between 6 and 12 hrs postmortem. The only AchE-positive structures found were neuronal cell bodies and processes, morphologically classified as stellate and fusiform neurons of large, medium and small size. Large ones prevailed in the dorsal zone.

[Pituitary adenomas: immunohistochemical study of 167 cases].

One hundred and sixty seven cases of pituitary adenoma were analysed using the immunocytochemical method of the Avidin-Biotin Complex (ABC), described by Hsu et al. (1981). Six pituitary anti-hormones were utilized: anti-prolactin (aPRL) at a 1:1,500 dilution; anti-growth hormone (aHGH) at a 1:4,000 dilution: anti-adrenocorticotrophic hormone (aACTH) at a 1:3,000 dilution; anti-thyrothrophic hormone (aTSH) at a 1:3,000 dilution; anti-luteinizing hormone (aLH) at a 1:1,000 dilution; and a anti-follicle-stimulating hormone (aFSH) at a 1:300 dilution.