The suitability of extraction solutions to assess bioaccessible trace metal fractions in airborne particulate matter: a comparison of common leaching agents.

The determination of bioaccessible metal concentrations and/or fractions is a prerequisite for reliable assessment of the hazardous potential of toxic trace metals present in airborne particulate matter (APM). For this purpose, the use of various leaching agents has been reported in literature. The applied reagents reveal severe differences in composition.

Recent developments in assessment of bio-accessible trace metal fractions in airborne particulate matter: a review.

In the last years a great deal of research has been focused on the determination of harmful trace metals such as Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni or Pb in airborne particulate matter (APM). However, the commonly applied determination of total element concentrations in APM provides only an upper-end estimate of potential metal toxicity. For improved risk assessment it is important to determine bio-accessible concentrations instead of total metal contents.

Determination of water soluble trace metals in airborne particulate matter using a dynamic extraction procedure with on-line inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric detection.

A novel continuous-flow system for the dynamic extraction of water soluble metal fractions in airborne particulate matter (APM) with subsequent inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometric (ICP-OES) analysis of derived extracts is presented. The fully automated extraction system with on-line multi-element detection offers enhanced sensitivity when compared to batch-wise counterparts; additionally it provides information about the extraction process. With the developed procedure detection limits in the order of 1.

Aerosol size distribution and mass concentration measurements in various cities of Pakistan.

During March and April 2010 aerosol inventories from four large cities in Pakistan were assessed in terms of particle size distributions (N), mass (M) concentrations, and particulate matter (PM) concentrations. These M and PM concentrations were obtained for Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, and Peshawar from N concentrations using a native algorithm based on the Grimm model 1.109 dust monitor.

2-(2-Iodo-benzenesulfonamido)acetic acid.

The title compound, C(8)H(8)INO(4)S, is a halogenated sulfon-amide, a medicinally important class of organic compounds. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the carboxylic acid groups form characteristic centrosymmetric dimers. These dimers are further linked through centrosymmetric dimeric N-H⋯O inter-actions involving the amido H atom and a sulfonyl O atom.