Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex, life-threatening and most common neoplasm in the world. HCC tumors are genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous, and involve various molecular mechanisms and stimulation of several signaling pathways, such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors (EGFR), Insulin growth factor, Ras/extracellular signal-stimulated kinase, the mammalian goal of rapamycin (mTOR), c-mesenchymal- epithelial transition factor-1 (c-Met), Hedgehog, Wnt and apoptotic signaling. Lately, in patients, multi-kinase cascade blockers, such as sorafenib, selumetinib and regorafenib, have increased the survival rate of progressive HCC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To evaluate the role of eggs and other food vehicles as risk factors associated with Salmonella enteritidis (SE) outbreaks in order to address the endemicity of SE infections in the USA.
Methods: We retrieved and analyzed data relating to all SE outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) between 1990 and 2015. We then used descriptive and analytical statistical methods, including negative binomial regression models for the estimation of rate-ratios, to analyze the data.