Exploration of the Barriers to Clozapine Prescribing in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Qualitative Study.

Treatment-resistance schizophrenia (TRS) is one of the psychiatric challenges. While clozapine is an effective treatment for patients with TRS, there are some barriers to clozapine prescribing in these patients. The study aims to explore the barriers from Iranian psychiatrists' points of view.

Iranian psychiatrists' attitude towards clozapine use for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a nationwide survey.

Background: Clozapine has the greatest efficacy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), even though its underutilization is not uncommon across different countries. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of Iranian psychiatrists toward clozapine use.

Method: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was distributed among psychiatrists registered with the Iranian Psychiatrists Association (including its provincial branches) to assess their knowledge and attitude towards clozapine use.

Samarium(ii) iodide-mediated reactions applied to natural product total synthesis.

Natural product synthesis remains a field in which new synthetic methods and reagents are continually being evaluated. Due to the demanding structures and complex functionality of many natural products, only powerful and selective methods and reagents will be highlighted in this proceeding. Since its introduction by Henri Kagan, samarium(ii) iodide (SmI, Kagan's reagent) has found increasing use in chemical synthesis.

Age-dependent effects of repeated methamphetamine exposure on locomotor activity and attentional function in rats.

Many adolescents use amphetamines which are the second most common abused illegal drugs. Methamphetamine (Meth), as a potent amphetamine affects attentional functions. However, the most significant factor for susceptibility to Meth is the age of exposure, most studies have examined the effects of Meth after early adolescence stage.

Unusual Route of Buprenorphine Administration: An Alternative Approach for Bypassing Adverse Drug Reactions.

Tramadol abuse is a critical and growing health concern in Asia. In Iran, tramadol abuse arises most commonly as a result of self-medicating that leads to tramadol dependence. Buprenorphine, a partial agonist of mu opioid receptors approved for the treatment of tramadol dependence, is administered sublingually due to its extensive first-pass metabolism and resulting low oral bioavailability.

Effect of methamphetamine exposure on the plasma levels of endothelial-derived microparticles.

Background: Methamphetamine (Meth), a neurotoxin, induces inflammation, oxidative stress, and triggers endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease which is the second cause of death among individuals with Meth-use disorder. Oxidative stress and inflammation trigger the microparticle (MP) release. These are extracellular vesicles extracted from cell surface and identified in biological fluids.

Computational & experimental evaluation of the structure/activity relationship of β-carbolines as DYRK1A inhibitors.

DYRK1A has been associated with Down's syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases, therefore it is an important target for novel pharmacological interventions. We combined a ligand-based pharmacophore design with a structure-based protein/ligand docking using the software MOE in order to evaluate the underlying structure/activity relationship. Based on this knowledge we synthesized several novel β-carboline derivatives to validate the theoretical model.