Effects of Arthroscopic Surgery and Non-Surgical Therapy on Hip Contact Forces in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.

Introduction: We compared the 12-months effects of arthroscopic surgery and physiotherapist-led care for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome on the time-varying magnitude of hip contact force and muscle contributions to hip contact force during walking.

Methods: Secondary analysis was performed on thirty-seven individuals with FAI syndrome who received biomechanical assessment before and 12-months following either arthroscopic surgery (n = 17) or physiotherapist-led care (Personalised Hip Therapy, PHT) (n = 20). At both time points, three-dimensional whole-body motions, ground reaction forces, and surface electromyograms (n = 14) were acquired during overground walking.

Enhancing biomechanical outcomes in proximal femoral osteotomy through optimised blade plate sizing: A neuromusculoskeletal-informed finite element analysis.

Proximal femoral osteotomy (PFO) is a frequently performed surgical procedure to correct hip deformities in the paediatric population. The optimal size of the blade plate implant in PFO is a critical but underexplored factor influencing biomechanical outcomes. This study introduces a novel approach to refine implant selection by integrating personalized neuromusculoskeletal modelling with finite element analysis.

Automatic generation of knee kinematic models from medical imaging.

Background And Objective: Three-dimensional spatial mechanisms have been used to accurately predict passive knee kinematics, and have shown potential to be used in optimized multibody kinematic models. Such multi-body models are anatomically consistent and can accurately predict passive knee kinematics, but require extensive medical image processing and thus are not widely adopted. This study aimed to automate the generation of kinematic models of tibiofemoral (TFJ) and patellofemoral (PFJ) joints from segmented magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compare them against a corresponding manual pipeline.

Sensitivity analysis of paediatric knee kinematics to the graft surgical parameters during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A sequentially linked neuromusculoskeletal-finite element analysis.

Background And Objective: Incidence of paediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture has increased substantially over recent decades. Following ACL rupture, ACL reconstruction (ACLR) surgery is typically performed to restore passive knee stability. This surgery involves replacing the failed ACL with a graft, however, surgeons must select from range of surgical parameters (e.

The Biomechanics Research and Innovation Challenge: Development, Implementation, Uptake, and Reflections on the Inaugural Program.

Biomechanics as a discipline is ideally placed to increase awareness and participation of girls and women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. A nationwide Biomechanics and Research Innovation Challenge (BRInC) centered on mentoring and role modeling was developed to engage high school girls (mentees) and early-mid-career women (mentors) in the field of biomechanics through the completion of a 100-day research and/or innovation project. This manuscript describes the development, implementation, and uptake of the inaugural BRInC program and synthesizes the research and innovation projects undertaken, providing a framework for adoption of this program within the global biomechanics community.

Validation and evaluation of subject-specific finite element models of the pediatric knee.

Finite element (FE) models have been widely used to investigate knee joint biomechanics. Most of these models have been developed to study adult knees, neglecting pediatric populations. In this study, an atlas-based approach was employed to develop subject-specific FE models of the knee for eight typically developing pediatric individuals.

Maintaining soldier musculoskeletal health using personalised digital humans, wearables and/or computer vision.

Objectives: The physical demands of military service place soldiers at risk of musculoskeletal injuries and are major concerns for military capability. This paper outlines the development new training technologies to prevent and manage these injuries.

Design: Narrative review.

Limiting the Use of Electromyography and Ground Reaction Force Data Changes the Magnitude and Ranking of Modelled Anterior Cruciate Ligament Forces.

Neuromusculoskeletal models often require three-dimensional (3D) body motions, ground reaction forces (GRF), and electromyography (EMG) as input data. Acquiring these data in real-world settings is challenging, with barriers such as the cost of instruments, setup time, and operator skills to correctly acquire and interpret data. This study investigated the consequences of limiting EMG and GRF data on modelled anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) forces during a drop-land-jump task in late-/post-pubertal females.

Effects of Footwear on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Forces during Landing in Young Adult Females.

Rates of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture in young people have increased markedly over the past two decades, with females experiencing greater growth in their risk compared to males. In this study, we determined the effects of low- and high-support athletic footwear on ACL loads during a standardized drop-land-lateral jump in 23 late-/post-pubertal females. Each participant performed the task unshod, wearing low- (Zaraca, ASICS) or high- (Kayano, ASICS) support shoes (in random order), and three-dimensional body motions, ground-reaction forces, and surface electromyograms were synchronously acquired.

Development of predictive statistical shape models for paediatric lower limb bones.

Background And Objective: Accurate representation of bone shape is important for subject-specific musculoskeletal models as it may influence modelling of joint kinematics, kinetics, and muscle dynamics. Statistical shape modelling is a method to estimate bone shape from minimal information, such as anatomical landmarks, and to avoid the time and cost associated with reconstructing bone shapes from comprehensive medical imaging. Statistical shape models (SSM) of lower limb bones have been developed and validated for adult populations but are not applicable to paediatric populations.

Effects of Pubertal Maturation on ACL Forces During a Landing Task in Females.

Background: Rates of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture in young people have increased by >70% over the past two decades. Adolescent and young adult females are at higher risk of ACL injury as compared with their prepubertal counterparts.

Purpose: To determine ACL loading during a standardized drop-land-lateral jump in females at different stages of pubertal maturation.

Mechanism of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading during Dynamic Motor Tasks.

Introduction: This study determined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) force and its contributors during a standardized drop-land-lateral jump task using a validated computational model.

Methods: Three-dimensional whole-body kinematics, ground reaction forces, and muscle activation patterns from eight knee-spanning muscles were collected during dynamic tasks performed by healthy recreationally active females (n = 24). These data were used in a combined neuromusculoskeletal and ACL force model to determine lower limb muscle and ACL forces.

Modelling the loading mechanics of anterior cruciate ligament.

Background And Objectives: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) plays a crucial role in knee stability and is the most commonly injured knee ligament. Although ACL loading patterns have been investigated previously, the interactions between knee loadings transmitted to ACL remain elusive. Understanding the loading mechanism of ACL during dynamic tasks is essential to prevent ACL injuries.

Effects of resistance exercise and the use of anabolic androgenic steroids on hemodynamic characteristics and muscle damage markers in bodybuilders.

Background: Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), synthetic compounds of testosterone commonly used as sport performance enhancers, could cause cardiovascular dysfunction and cell damage. Even though the side effects of AAS intake have been widely studied, yet little is known about how resistance exercise can alter these side effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of one session resistance exercise and the use of AAS on hemodynamic characteristics and muscle damage markers in professional bodybuilders.

Effects of creatine supplementation along with resistance training on urinary formaldehyde and serum enzymes in wrestlers.

Background: Formaldehyde is a cytotoxic agent produced from creatine through a metabolic pathway, and in this regard, it has been claimed that creatine supplementation could be cytotoxic. Even though the cytotoxic effects of creatine supplementation have been widely studied, yet little is known about how resistance training can alter these toxic effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of short-term creatine supplementation plus resistance training on the level of urinary formaldehyde and concentrations of serum enzymes in young male wrestlers.