Bilingualism Is Associated with Significant Structural and Connectivity Alterations in the Thalamus in Adulthood.

Language is a sophisticated cognitive skill that relies on the coordinated activity of cerebral cortex. Acquiring a second language creates intricate modifications in brain connectivity. Although considerable studies have evaluated the impact of second language acquisition on brain networks in adulthood, the results regarding the ultimate form of adaptive plasticity remain inconsistent within the adult population.

Fabrication of Oro-Dispersible Sodium Valproate-Loaded Nanofibrous Patches for Immediate Epileptic Innervation.

Epilepsy is one of the oldest neurological disorders discovered by mankind. This condition is firmly coupled with unprovoked seizures stimulated by irrepressible neuroelectrical blasts. Orally taken valproate family has been employed for prophylactic management; however, oral administration is not applicable for critical scenarios, thus calling for medication routes fulfilling necessities of immediate innervation.

Hippocampal connectivity dynamics and volumetric alterations predict cognitive status in migraine: A resting-state fMRI study.

The etiology of cognitive decline linked to migraine remains unclear, with a growing recurrence rate and potential increased dementia risk among sufferers. Cognitive dysfunction has recently gained attention as a significant problem among migraine sufferers that can be related to alterations in hippocampal function and structure. This study explores hippocampal subfield connectivity and volume changes in migraine patients.

Claustrum volumes are lower in schizophrenia and mediate patients' attentional deficits.

Background: While the last decade of extensive research revealed the prominent role of the claustrum for mammalian forebrain organization, i.e., widely distributed claustral-cortical circuits coordinate basic cognitive functions such as attention, it is poorly understood whether the claustrum is relevant for schizophrenia and related cognitive symptoms.

The feeling of exclusion and/or inclusion in shared places: Syrian students' emotions and social imaginations in Istanbul.

This article examines the dynamic relationship between the creation of place and the formation of identity, specifically focusing on how Syrian young people are either included or excluded in Istanbul. This dynamic process enables the students to engage in placemaking. The majority of the literature primarily centres on the potential for inclusion or exclusion within the context of migration.

The functional role of the pulvinar in discriminating between objective and subjective cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder.

Introduction: Emotionally driven cognitive complaints represent a major diagnostic challenge for clinicians and indicate the importance of objective confirmation of the accuracy of depressive patients' descriptions of their cognitive symptoms.

Methods: We compared cognitive status and structural and functional brain connectivity changes in the pulvinar and hippocampus between patients with total depression and healthy controls. The depressive group was also classified as "amnestic" or "nonamnestic," based on the members' subjective reports concerning their forgetfulness.

Surface characteristics of additively manufactured CoCr and Ti6Al4V dental alloys: The effects of carbon and gold thin film coatings, and alkali-heat treatment.

This study investigates the impact of surface modifications on additively manufactured CoCr and Ti6Al4V dental alloys, focusing on surface properties. Thin film carbon (C) and gold (Au) coatings, as well as alkali-heat treatment, were applied to the high- and low-polished specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that thin film coatings retained the underlying surface topography, while the alkali-heat treatment induced distinct morphological changes.

Comparison of different 3D printers in terms of dimensional stability by image data of a dry human mandible obtained from CBCT and CT.

Objectives: To manage the mandibular traumas, for the expression of the complex anatomy or pathology in education of health sciences related branches, a model of the traumatized mandible is indispensable. For these, different 3D-print-technologies can be used. The aim of this study is, to measure how close these 3D-printed-models are to human-mandible (trueness) and the effectiveness of CT and CBCT at this point.

Infection with COVID-19 is no longer a public emergency: But what about degenerative dementia?

Although no longer considered a public health threat, post-COVID cognitive syndrome continues to impact on a considerable proportion of individuals who were infected with COVID-19. Recent studies have also suggested that COVID may be represent a critical risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We compared 17 COVID patients with 20 controls and evaluated the effects of COVID-19 on general cognitive performance, hippocampal volume, and connections using structural and seed-based connectivity analysis.

The impact of print orientation on the fracture resistance and failure patterns of additively manufactured cobalt-chromium post and cores.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the print orientation of direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) posts and cores on the fracture resistance and failure patterns of endodontically treated mandibular premolar teeth.

Materials And Methods: Sixty intact human mandibular premolars were endodontically treated. The teeth were then randomly divided into four groups (n = 15).

Vertical Bone Augmentation With Customized CAD/CAM Titanium Mesh for Severe Alveolar Ridge Defect in the Posterior Mandible: A Case Letter.

Implant rehabilitation after implant removal is a major challenge, especially in mandibular posterior arches. This case report describes the reconstruction of a severe vertical bone defect using customized titanium mesh covered by collagen membrane and solid advanced platelet-rich fibrin, combined with autogenous bone, deproteinized bovine bone mineral, and injectable platelet-rich fibrin after implant removal caused by advanced peri-implantitis. This individualized titanium mesh may be a reliable technique for severe alveolar ridge reconstruction, with the additional benefits of reduced surgery time and a simplified operation.

Simultaneous Closure of Bilateral Cranial Defects Using Custom-Made 3D Titanium Implants: A Single Institution Series.

Aim: To investigate the outcomes of the simultaneous closure of bilateral cranial defects using custom-made three-dimensional (3D) titanium implants.

Material And Methods: Demographic data of 26 patients with bilateral cranial defects who underwent cranioplasty using the 3D custom-made titanium implants in our clinic between 2017 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Data on the area of cranium defect, the time interval between last cranial surgery and cranioplasty, postoperative complications, etiology of the cranium defect, and hospitalization of the patient were statistically evaluated.

Synthesis and characterization of activated carbon supported bimetallic Pd based nanoparticles and their sensor and antibacterial investigation.

Activated carbon (AC) supported palladium cobalt bimetallic nanoparticles (PdCo@AC NPs) were obtained by green synthesis method using Cinnamomum verum (C. Verum) extract. The obtained NPs were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Crystallography (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Ultraviolet Visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, and the functional groups and morphology of the nanoparticle were elucidated.

A structural and resting-state functional connectivity investigation of the pulvinar in elderly individuals and Alzheimer's disease patients.

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), structural and functional changes in the brain may give rise to disruption of specific cognitive functions. The aim of this study is to investigate the functional connectivity alterations in the pulvinar's subdivisions and total pulvinar voxel-based morphometry (VBM) changes in individuals with AD and healthy controls. A seed-based functional connectivity analysis was applied to the anterior, inferior, lateral, and medial pulvinar in each hemisphere.

Differentiation of claustrum resting-state functional connectivity in healthy aging, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.

The claustrum is a sheet-like of telencephalic gray matter structure whose function is poorly understood. The claustrum is considered a multimodal computing network due to its reciprocal connections with almost all cortical areas as well as subcortical structures. Although the claustrum has been involved in several neurodegenerative diseases, specific changes in connections of the claustrum remain unclear in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD).

Geometric morphometric study of anterior branches of external carotid artery and carotid bifurcation by 3D-CT angiography.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to determine the variations of the anterior branches of the external carotid artery (ECA) and investigate the morphometric and geometric features of the anterior branches of the ECA and carotid bifurcation (CB).

Methods: A total of 563 ECAs were included from 288 patients in the study. Classification and exit angles of anterior branches of ECA and determination of vertebral levels of CB and anterior branches were performed.

Aqueous Humor Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1α in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Objectives: This study investigated the contribution of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) angiogenic mediators in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: Aqueous humor specimens taken during cataract surgery in 7 cases of intermediate stage (nonexudative) AMD and 7 cases of late stage (exudative) AMD were evaluated using chemiluminescent immunoassay testing in this prospective case-control study. Mediator levels were compared with the normal reference values of 7 patients without any disease other than cataract.

Mechanical Properties and Bond Strength of Additively Manufactured and Milled Dental Zirconia: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the mechanical properties and ceramic bond of additively manufactured and milled dental zirconia materials.

Materials And Methods: Disc (r = 10 mm, h = 2 mm) and bar (25 4 × 1. 2 mm) shaped milled (M group) (Nacera Pearl; Doceram) and additively manufactured (AM group) (NanoParticle Jetting; XJet, Carmel 1400) zirconia specimens were prepared for 2 experimental groups.

In vitro accuracies of 3D printed models manufactured by two different printing technologies.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the accuracies of full-arch models printed by two different 3D printing technologies.

Materials And Methods: A mandibular horseshoe-shaped master model was designed with RapidForm XOR2 software The master model was printed 10 times with 3D printers using direct light processing (DLP) and PolyJet technology (n=20). The printed models were then scanned with an industrial scanner and saved in STL file.

Orthopedics and 3D technology in Turkey: A preliminary report.

Objectives: In this study, we present the use of case specific three-dimensional (3D) printed plastic models and custom-made acetabular implants in orthopedic surgery.

Materials And Methods: Between March 2018 and September 2020, surgeries were simulated using plastic models manufactured by 3D printers on the two patients with pilon fractures. Also, custom-made acetabular implants were used on two patients with an acetabular bone defect for the revision of total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Unusual Clinical Presentation of Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Child: Both Spinal Cord Compression and Hydronephrosis.

Background: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is predominantly a nodal disease with extranodal presentation being uncommon. Presentation with neurological symptoms is not uncommon in adult patients with HL. Subdiaphragmatic involvements are less common especially in childhood.

Effects of magnetic resonance imaging on the microleakage of five restorative materials: An in vitro study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on the microleakage of 5 restorative materials.

Methods: In total, 100 maxillary molars were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 20) for restoration with 5 different materials: amalgam, light-cured glass-ionomer cement, feldspathic porcelain fused to metal, pressed lithium disilicate glass ceramic, and composite resin. In each group, 10 specimens were subjected to MRI, and 10 specimens served as controls with no MRI exposure.

Accuracy evaluation of complete-arch models manufactured by three different 3D printing technologies: a three-dimensional analysis.

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the trueness and precision of complete-arch models printed with three-dimensional printers via three different printing technologies.Methods An arch-shaped master model was designed using software (RapidForm XOR2, 3D Systems Inc., USA), and the digital master model was printed 10 times with three-dimensional printers using stereolithography (SLA), direct light processing (DLP), and Polyjet technology (n = 30).

Effect of 1.5-T and 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging on the ceramic adhesion and physical properties of prosthetic substructures.

Statement Of Problem: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a cross-sectional imaging technique that is widely used in the detection of pathologies in the head and neck region. However, information is lacking about the effect of MRI imaging on the clinical success of fixed partial dentures (FPDs).

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze the effect of MRI on the physical properties and ceramic adhesion of FPD substructure materials.