Basic Statistics for Radiologists: Part 1-Basic Data Interpretation and Inferential Statistics.

A systematic approach to statistical analysis is essential for accurate data interpretation and informed decision-making in the rapidly evolving field of radiology. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental statistical concepts for radiologists and clinicians. The first part of this series introduces foundational elements such as data types, distributions, descriptive and inferential statistics, hypothesis testing, and sampling methods.

A case of large aneurysms of the coronary arteries and abdominal aorta in an infant.

Aneurysms of the coronary arteries and abdominal aorta are extremely rare in infancy. Due to the rarity of the anomaly, there are no existing guidelines on management of these aneurysms. We describe the challenges in diagnosis, evaluation and management of an infantile Marfan with this rare presentation.

Diagnostic accuracy of carotid plaque magnetic resonance imaging compared to histopathology in symptomatic carotid artery stenosis.

Introduction: Vulnerable plaques have been shown to predict ipsilateral cerebral ischemic events and identifying them leads to appropriate secondary stroke prevention strategies. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of MR carotid plaque imaging in identifying plaque vulnerability when compared with histopathological findings in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis who underwent carotid endarterectomy (CEA).

Methods: A prospective cohort of forty-five consecutive patients with moderate to severe symptomatic carotid stenosis who underwent CEA at a tertiary Indian hospital had 3 T MRI plaque imaging with multi-parametric protocol between November 2021 and December 2022.

Image-guided aspiration of a cystic mediastinal teratoma: A case report and literature review.

A 51-year-old male presented to our tertiary referral hospital with progressive shortness of breath and orthopnea. A computed tomography (CT) of the chest was performed that showed a large cystic middle mediastinal mass. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest demonstrated a large, well-circumscribed, T2-hyperintense cystic middle mediastinal mass resulting in significant compression of the trachea, brachiocephalic artery, superior vena cava, and azygos vein.

Endovascular and percutaneous embolization of a giant post traumatic arteriovenous fistula of inferior epigastric vessels.

Background: Arteriovenous fistulas involving the anterior abdominal wall can result from trauma. Such fistulas may remain asymptomatic and undetected for a prolonged duration of time. They tend to recruit multiple arterial feeders with remodelling in the feeding arteries, making them challenging to treat.

Femoral Vein Intravascular Synovial Sarcoma Mimicking Primary Deep Vein Thrombosis-A Rare Cause of Deep Vein Thrombosis.

Synovial sarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal soft tissue tumors. We presented the case of a 53-year-old woman patient presenting with acute deep vein thrombosis, later diagnosed as a deep synovial sarcoma of the femoral vein wall. The tumor was identified through cross-sectional magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomography, followed by ultrasound-guided core biopsy.

Aorto-Left Ventricular Tunnel-An Uncommon Entity.

The aorto-left ventricular tunnel is an extracardiac communication that has a specific morphological feature. It is important to differentiate this entity from other diagnoses because the treatment options differ significantly and better outcomes are obtained with this entity.

Tetralogy of Fallot with aortic stenosis and common arterial trunk: Is there a morphological overlap?

Tetralogy of Fallot with aortic stenosis is an extremely rare entity which bears some morphological similarities with the common arterial trunk. Through two illustrative cases of TOF with aortic stenosis we describe the shared anatomical peculiarities of the two anomalies with a review of the possible genetic and developmental factors responsible for the association.

High risk lung nodule: A multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management.

Pulmonary nodules are often discovered incidentally during CT scans performed for other reasons. While the vast majority of nodules are benign, a small percentage may represent early-stage lung cancer with the potential for curative treatments. With the growing use of CT for both clinical purposes and lung cancer screening, the number of pulmonary nodules detected is expected to increase substantially.

Recurrent pericardial effusion in a boy: A clue to underlying pericardial and pulmonary lymphangiectasia.

Pulmonary lymphangiectasia is a rare congenital malformation of lymphatic vessels. We report the case of a 5-year-old boy with recurrent pericardial effusion which was diagnosed to be due to pericardial and pulmonary lymphangiectasia.

Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries.

Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) are congenital vessels that arise from the aorta or its first-order branches and are distally connected to the pulmonary arterial vasculature, thereby providing pulmonary blood flow. MAPCAs are commonly associated with several congenital heart diseases that have compromised pulmonary circulation due to severe stenosis involving pulmonary valves or arteries or due to pulmonary atresia. Embryologically, MAPCAs are presumed to be persistent segmental arteries.

Double-barrel plugging in a recurrent aorto-enteric fistula.

Unlabelled: Aorto-enteric fistulas (AEF) are uncommon causes of gastrointestinal bleeding. Both surgical and endovascular options are described for the management of AEF. A hybrid approach is recommended in cases of recurrent AEF.

Role of imaging and endovascular radiology in endoscopically missed Dieulafoy's lesion of stomach - A case report with review.

Dieulafoy's lesion is an uncommon cause of life-threatening gastrointestinal bleed from a dilated and tortuous submucosal artery. With the advent of endoscopy-guided intervention, the mortality of the condition has reduced significantly from 80 to 8%. Imaging plays a vital role in diagnosing them in endoscopically negative cases.

Novel transcatheter treatment for staged closure of Abernethy malformation with portal hypoplasia.

Portosystemic shunts are rare congenital malformations that come to attention due to various hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations. Management of this malformation is dictated by the presence and adequacy of intrahepatic portal radicals. Staged occlusion of the shunt is recommended in patients with severely hypoplastic portal radicals.

Postoperative Aortic Regurgitation in Outflow Ventricular Septal Defect: Determinants of Outcome.

Aortic cusp prolapse is an acquired complication and usually precedes the development of aortic regurgitation (AR) in unoperated outflow ventricular septal defect (VSD). However, its impact on postoperative AR-progression is unknown. 161 patients with outflow-VSD and AR who underwent surgery between 2006 and 2012 were studied retrospectively.

Diagnosis and endovascular management of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) are abnormal communication of a branch of the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein circumventing the intervening pulmonary capillaries. This results in a right-to-left (R-L) shunt and its related manifestations, which include hampered gas exchange leading to hypoxaemia, dyspnoea, paradoxical emboli leading to stroke, cerebral abscess, myocardial infarction and pulmonary haemorrhage due to rupture of the PAVM. Endovascular transcatheter embolization of the feeding vessels with coils or occlusion devices is the current standard care of treatment and preferred treatment modality.

Pericardial pseudocyst along atrioventricular groove.

Cystic lesions in relation to the pericardium are a rare congenital lesion with an estimated incidence of 1 per 100,,000. Pericardial cysts may be classified as congenital or acquired. Here, we present a case of a pericardial pseudocyst having a horseshoe configuration along the atrioventricular groove in a middle-aged subject with no previous relevant medical history.