Predictors of unfavorable responses to therapy in rifampicin-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis using an integrated approach of radiological presentation and sputum mycobacterial burden.

Introduction: Despite the exalted status of sputum mycobacterial load for gauging pulmonary tuberculosis treatment and progress, Chest X-rays supplement valuable information for taking instantaneous therapeutic decisions, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Even though literature on individual parameters is overwhelming, few studies have explored the interaction between radiographic parameters denoting severity with mycobacterial burden signifying infectivity. By using a sophisticated approach of integrating Chest X-ray parameters with sputum mycobacterial characteristics, evaluated at all the three crucial time points of TB treatment namely pre-treatment, end of intensive phase and completion of treatment, utilizing the interactive Cox Proportional Hazards model, we aimed to precisely deduce predictors of unfavorable response to TB treatment.

4-month moxifloxacin containing regimens in the treatment of patients with sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in South India - a randomised clinical trial.

Background: Shortening tuberculosis (TB) treatment duration is a research priority. We tested the efficacy and safety of 3- and 4-month regimens containing moxifloxacin in a randomised clinical trial in pulmonary TB (PTB) patients in South India.

Methods: New, sputum-positive, adult, HIV-negative, non-diabetic PTB patients were randomised to 3- or 4-month moxifloxacin regimens [moxifloxacin (M), isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), pyrazinamide (Z) and ethambutol (E)] or to a control regimen (2H R Z E /4R H ) [C].

Daily vs Intermittent Antituberculosis Therapy for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Patients With HIV: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The benefit of daily over thrice-weekly antituberculosis therapy among HIV-positive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) who are receiving antiretroviral therapy remains unproven.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of daily, part-daily, and intermittent antituberculosis therapy regimens in the treatment of HIV-associated pulmonary TB.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This open-label, randomized clinical trial was conducted by the National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, south India.

Recurrent immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome of tuberculous brain infection in people living with HIV/AIDS: a case report.

HIV infection has changed the scenario of infectious disease. HIV-associated immunodeficiency resulted in a wide spectrum of new opportunistic infections. After introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) became an important challenge in management of 10% to 25% of the patients.

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) with acute tuberculous osteomyelitis and disseminated mutilating tuberculous dactylitis in a person living with HIV and AIDS (PLHA): a case report.

HIV infection changed the scenario of infectious diseases. The pre-HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) era had resulted in new opportunistic infections. HIV and tuberculosis together had high mortality in countries with high prevalence of tuberculosis.