Pathological Findings of the Host Immune Reaction in the Tumor Microenvironment of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Objective Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare and indolent diseases, but the efficacy of treatment without surgical resection is temporary and limited. Targeted immunotherapy is an important treatment strategy in several cancers. However, the tumor and host immune reactions in the NEN microenvironment are poorly understood.

[Differences in Concepts between Hospital Oncologists and Home Physicians].

Although many patients with terminal cancers desire to be cared for at home, frequently, such patients cannot be shifted to home care due to their unstable symptoms. In severe cases, emergency hospitalizations may be frequently required after introducinghome medical care. We report a case of makinghome medical care difficult due to repeated emergency hospitalizations despite of the patient's deep desire.

Sarcopenia is a reliable prognostic factor in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy.

Background/objectives: FOLFIRINOX is the reliable treatments for pancreatic cancer, but it has a relatively high toxicity and the selection of suitable patients for this regimen remains challenge. On the other hand, sarcopenia is one of the important prognostic factors of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sarcopenia on overall survival (OS) and time to treatment failure (TTF) in patients with pancreatic cancer who received FOLFIRINOX.

[Patient Factors Enabling the Decannulation of the Gastrostomy Tube after Superselective Intra-Arterial Chemoradiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Oral Cancer - A Retrospective Study].

Superselective intra-arterial chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced oral cancer induces complications such as mucositis, which impedes oral intake. Thus, at our hospital, a gastrostomy is performed in almost all patients during the treatment period to ensure the presence of an alternative administration route for nutrition and drugs. The purpose of this study was to calculate the mean number of days from completion of superselective intra-arterial chemoradiation therapy to the decannulation of gastrostomy, and extract patient factors for the decannulation.

[Assessing Patient Factors Influencing the Discontinuation of Opioids after Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Oral Cancer - A Retrospective Study].

Superselective intra-arterial chemoradiation therapy for oral cancer induces the complication of mucositis. Although the associated pain is controlled using opioids, major questions from patients in clinical practice are as follows:(1)the mean number of days from the completion of superselective intra-arterial chemoradiation therapy to the discontinuation of opioid administration, and(2)patient factors enabling the discontinuation of opioids. The purpose of this study was to clarify these points.

[Usefulness of Suvorexant for Complicated Delirium in Cancer Patients Who Experience Sleep Disturbance during Hospitalization].

We investigated the usefulness of suvorexant for complicated delirium in patients with cancer who experience sleep disturbance during hospitalization. Nine patients with malignant tumors complicated with symptoms of delirium and insomnia were included in this study; their palliative care was managed by the palliative care team of our hospital for a period of one year from April 2016 to March 2017. A retrospective follow-up study was then conducted.

[Combination Therapy of Oxycodone and Tapentadol Was Effective for Intractable Pain Caused by Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis - A Case Report].

A 52-year-old woman had been prescribed oral medication of acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and oxycodone for intractable pain associated with thoracic metastasis of breast cancer. However, the pain control was poor. Although pregabalin and gabapentin were used as supplementary analgesics, they could not be continued because of their side effects.

Clinical Usefulness of Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy in Japanese Patients with Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Background/aims: Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) scintigraphy (SRS) is the standard imaging modality for evaluation of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (GEP-NET) in Western countries. However, this modality was not approved in Japan until recently. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of SRS for detecting GEP-NET in Japanese patients.

Effect of FOLFIRINOX as second-line chemotherapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer after gemcitabine-based chemotherapy failure.

Background: This study aimed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity, and efficacy of second-line chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX after gemcitabine (GEM)-based chemotherapy failure in metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC).

Methods: We studied 18 histopathologically proven MPC patients. The schedule was 85 mg/m oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and 400 mg/m leucovorin, followed by 400 mg/m 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a bolus on day 1 and 2400 mg/m 5-FU as a 46-hour continuous infusion biweekly.

Sorafenib Monotherapy in a Patient with Unresectable Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma.

A 49-year-old Japanese man had multiple huge masses (max. size 60 mm diameter) in his liver. These tumors were pathologically diagnosed by tumor biopsy as epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas of the liver.

S-1 and irinotecan with or without bevacizumab versus 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin plus oxaliplatin with or without bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of four phase II studies.

Purpose: S-1, a novel oral prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and irinotecan with or without bevacizumab is known to be effective in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, it is not clear whether S-1 and irinotecan confers benefits compared to 5-FU and leucovorin plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) in patients with mCRC. Our aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of these regimens.

Endoscopic inside stent placement is suitable as a bridging treatment for preoperative biliary tract cancer.

Background: Endoscopic biliary stenting (EBS) is one of the most important palliative treatments for biliary tract cancer. However, reflux cholangitis arising from bacterial adherence to the inner wall of the stent must be avoided. We evaluated the use of EBS above the sphincter of Oddi to determine whether reflux cholangitis could be prevented in preoperative cases.

Effects of ramosetron oral disintegrating tablets on gastric emptying: crossover study using the 13C-acetic acid breath test.

Background/aims: Ramosetron is a new selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist that reportedly has more potent antiemetic effects than other 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ramosetron pretreatment on gastric emptying using the 13C-acetic acid breath test.

Methodology: Ten healthy male and female volunteers participated in this randomized, twoway crossover study.

A phase I/II study of XELIRI plus bevacizumab as second-line chemotherapy for Japanese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (BIX study).

Background: Capecitabine is used mainly with oxaliplatin to treat metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Results from capecitabine plus irinotecan (XELIRI) with or without bevacizumab (BV) have been reported in Europe but not in Japan. Consequently, the safety and efficacy of XELIRI plus BV in Japanese patients with mCRC were assessed in a single-arm phase II study.

[A case of post-operative recurrence of pancreatic cancer in the residual pancreas treated by resection of the residual pancreas following radiological complete response achieved with second-line FOLFIRINOX].

A 65-year-old woman with carcinoma of the pancreatic body underwent Whipple's operation. After surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine alone, and S-1 combined with gemcitabine was conducted. But one year later, a recurrent tumor was detected in the pancreatic tail.

Colorectal laterally spreading tumors show characteristic expression of cell polarity factors, including atypical protein kinase C λ/ι, E-cadherin, β-catenin and basement membrane component.

Colorectal flat-type tumors include laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) and flat depressed-type tumors. The former of which shows a predominant lateral spreading growth rather than an invasive growth. The present study examined the morphological characteristics of LSTs, in comparison with polypoid- or flat depressed-type tumors, along with the expression of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) λ/ι, a pivotal cell polarity regulator, and the hallmarks of cell polarity, as well as with type IV collagen, β-catenin and E-cadherin.

Does resection of primary lesions show survival benefit for stage IV colorectal cancer patients with unresectable metastases?

Background/aims: The aims of the current retrospective cohort study were to compare OS of the primary resection (R-g) and the non-resection group (NR-g) after 2005.

Methodology: Ninety-five patients with stage IV colorectal cancer with unresectable distant metastases were divided into 2 groups; R-g; 37 and NR-g; 58.

Results: The only significant difference in clinical factors between the 2 was R0 resection rate (p = 0.

Phase I study of combination therapy with irinotecan, leucovorin, and bolus and continuous-infusion 5-fluorouracil (FOLFIRI) for advanced colorectal cancer in Japanese patients.

Background: Irinotecan, leucovorin, and bolus and continuous-infusion 5-fluorouracil administered every two weeks (FOLFIRI regimen) is active in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. However, the efficacy and toxicity of this regimen in Japanese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer remain unknown.

Patients And Methods: We investigated the maximum tolerated dose, dose-limiting toxicity, and recommended dose at Step 1.

Early Effect of Single-dose Sitagliptin Administration on Gastric Emptying: Crossover Study Using the (13)C Breath Test.

Background/aims: The gastrointestinal motility effects of endogenous incretin hormones enhanced by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors have not yet been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to determine whether single pre-prandial sitagliptin, the DPP-IV inhibitor, administration might have an effect on the rate of liquid gastric emptying using the (13)C-acetic acid breath test.

Methods: Ten healthy male volunteers participated in this randomized, two-way crossover study.

Long-term results of a phase II study of S-1 plus irinotecan in metastatic colorectal cancer.

Aim: The current study aimed to assess the long-term efficacy of combination therapy with oral S-1, a fluoropyrimidine prodrug, plus irinotecan in previously untreated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Patients And Methods: Between April 2004 and February 2005, 41 patients with previously untreated advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer were enrolled in the study. Chemotherapy consisted of oral administration in S-1 at 40 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1 to 14 and intravenous infusion of irinotecan at 150 mg/m(2) on day 1 in a 21-day cycle.

Effect of sumatriptan on gastric emptying: a crossover study using the BreathID system.

Aim: To determine the effect of oral sumatriptan on gastric emptying using a continuous ¹³C breath test (BreathID system).

Methods: Ten healthy male volunteers participated in this randomized, 2-way crossover study. The subjects fasted overnight and were randomly assigned to receive a test meal (200 kcal/200 mL) 30 min after pre-medication with sumatriptan 50 mg (sumatriptan condition), or the test meal alone (control condition).

Early effect of oral administration of omeprazole with mosapride as compared with those of omeprazole alone on the intragastric pH.

Background: The ideal medication for acid-related diseases should have a rapid onset of action to promote hemostasis and cause efficient resolution of symptoms. The aim of our study was to comparatively investigate the inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion of a single oral administration of omeprazole plus mosapride with that of omeprazole alone.

Methods: Ten Helicobacter pylori-negative male subjects participated in this randomized, two-way crossover study.