How Has Intervention Fidelity Been Assessed in Smoking Cessation Interventions? A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Intervention fidelity concerns the degree to which interventions are implemented as intended. Fidelity frameworks propose fidelity is a multidimensional concept relevant at intervention designer, provider, and recipient levels; yet the extent to which it is assessed multidimensionally is unclear. Smoking cessation interventions are complex, including multiple components, often delivered over multiple sessions and/or at scale in clinical practice; this increases susceptibility variation in the fidelity with which they are delivered.

CS-706, a novel cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor, prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice when treated alone or in combination with anti-tumor chemotherapeutic agents.

The potent chemopreventive activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors has been demonstrated in a number of preclinical studies, but their potency in antitumor activity is still in dispute. In this report, we demonstrate the potent antitumor activity of a novel COX-2 inhibitor, CS-706 in mouse colorectal adenocarcinoma colon 26 tumor-bearing mice treated with or without antitumor chemotherapeutic agents. Daily oral administration of CS-706 at doses of 3-100 mg/kg from the day of tumor inoculation (Day 0) inhibited tumor growth dose-dependently, and the maximal inhibition was 67% at a dose of 100 mg/kg.

Accelerated antigen presentation and elicitation of humoral response in vivo by FcgammaRIIB- and FcgammaRI/III-mediated immune complex uptake.

It is well established that activating-type Fc receptors for IgG (FcgammaR), such as FcgammaRI and FcgammaRIII, are essential for inducing inflammatory responses, whereas a unique inhibitory FcgammaR, FcgammaRIIB, inhibits intracellular signaling upon ligation of IgG-immune complexes, and can suppress inflammation and autoimmunity. Although antigen presentation is a crucial step for evoking inflammatory responses, the contribution of FcgammaRIIB to antigen presentation is controversial as to whether it regulates antigen-presenting cells (APC), particularly dendritic cells (DC), positively or negatively. In the present report, we show that the antigen targeting to both activating-type FcgammaRs, FcgammaRI/III, and inhibitory FcgammaRIIB on bone marrow-derived DC and macrophages and primary epidermal Langerhans' cells augmented T cell proliferation in vitro and elicited humoral responses upon adoptive transfer of the antigen-pulsed DC.

Targeting apoptotic tumor cells to Fc gamma R provides efficient and versatile vaccination against tumors by dendritic cells.

Dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with tumor-associated Ags (TAAs) act as potent adjuvant that initiates antitumor immune responses in vivo. However, TAA-based DC vaccination requires prior identification of TAAs. Apoptotic tumor cells (ATCs) can be an excellent source for DC loading because their potential uncharacterized Ags would be efficiently presented to T cells without any prior characterization and isolation of these Ags.