Allotetraploid cryptic species in Asplenium normale in the Japanese Archipelago, detected by chemotaxonomic and multi-locus genotype approaches.

Premise Of The Study: Delimitation of cryptic species provides an understanding of biodiversity and opportunities to elucidate speciation processes. Extensive flavonoid variation has been reported in the tetraploid cytotype of the fern, Asplenium normale, although related species have no intraspecific variations in flavonoid composition. We hypothesized that Japanese A.

Foliar flavonoids from Tanacetum vulgare var. boreale and their geographical variation.

Foliar flavonoids of Tanacetum vulgare var. boreale were isolated. Eight flavonoid glycosides, 7-O-glucosides of apigenin, luteolin, scutellarein and 6- hydroxyluteolin, and 7-O-glucuronides of apigenin, luteolin, chrysoeriol and eriodictyol were identified.

Genkwanin 4'-O-glucosyl-(1 --> 2)-rhamnoside from new chemotype of Asplenium normale in Japan.

New flavone glycoside, genkwanin 4'-O-β-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-O-α-rhamnopyranoside was isolated from the fronds of new chemotype of Asplenium normale D. Don, together with two known C-glycosylflavones, vicenin-2 and lucenin-2. The chemical structure of the isolated glycoside was established by UV, LC-MS, characterization of acid hydrolysates, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.

Further characterization of foliar flavonoids in Crossostephium chinense and their geographic variation.

Foliar flavonoids of Crossostephium chinense in Japan and Taiwan were isolated and further characterized. Eighteen flavonoid aglycones, luteolin, apigenin, hispidulin, chrysoeriol, 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6,3',5'-trimethoxyflavone, jaceosidin, cilsimaritin, quercetin 3-methyl ether, axillarin, chrysosplenol-D, cirsiliol, apometzgerin, 5,7,3'-trihydroxy-6,4',5'-trimethoxyflavone, luteolin 3',4'-dimethyl ether, cirsilineol, eupatilin, nepetin and 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-6,5'-dimethoxyflavone, were identified by UV, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic, LC-MS and HPLC comparisons w ith authentic samples. The compounds existed on the leaf surface.

Flavonoids from the Japanese monotypic genus, Nipponanthemum.

Foliar flavonoids of Nipponanthemum, which is a monotypic genus and consists of only one Japanese endemic species, N. nipponicum, were isolated for the first time. Fifteen flavonoids, i.