Change and predictors of body composition after gastrectomy for gastric cancer during first postoperative year.

Purpose: After gastrectomy for gastric cancer, patients often lose significant body weight because of decreased caloric intake and nutrient absorption. Body weight typically requires approximately 1 year to stabilize. This study aimed to examine the changes and predictors of body composition during the first postoperative year.

Influence of the water jet system cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator for liver resection on the remnant liver.

Background: Several methods, such as finger fracture, Pean crush, cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA), and water jet (WJ), are used for hepatic parenchymal dissection in liver surgery. CUSA is the conventional method in Japan. WJ is a relatively novel method for parenchymal dissection.

Endogenous Opsin 3 (OPN3) Protein Expression in the Adult Brain Using a Novel OPN3-mCherry Knock-In Mouse Model.

The opsins have been studied extensively for their functions in visual phototransduction; however, the mechanisms underlying extraocular opsin signaling remain poorly understood. The first mammalian extraocular opsin to be discovered, opsin 3 (OPN3), was found in the brain more than two decades ago, yet its function remains unknown. A significant hindrance to studying OPN3 has been a lack of specific antibodies against mammalian OPN3, resulting in an incomplete understanding of its expression in the brain.

Lidocaine spray versus viscous lidocaine solution for pharyngeal local anesthesia in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: There are two major methods for local anesthesia by lidocaine before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: simple spray and viscous solution. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety by meta-analysis between these two methods.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.

Periaqueductal Gray and Rostromedial Tegmental Inhibitory Afferents to VTA Have Distinct Synaptic Plasticity and Opiate Sensitivity.

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a major target of addictive drugs and receives multiple GABAergic projections originating outside the VTA. We describe differences in synaptic plasticity and behavior when optogenetically driving two opiate-sensitive GABAergic inputs to the VTA, the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), and the periaqueductal gray (PAG). Activation of GABAergic RMTg terminals in the VTA in vivo is aversive, and low-frequency stimulation induces long-term depression in vitro.

Properties of neurons in the superficial laminae of trigeminal nucleus caudalis.

The trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNc) receives extensive afferent innervation from peripheral sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion (TG), and is the first central relay in the circuitry underpinning orofacial pain. Despite the initial characterization of the neurons in the superficial laminae, many questions remain. Here we report on electrophysiological properties of 535 superficial lamina I/II TNc neurons.

Median arcuate ligament syndrome and aneurysm in the pancreaticoduodenal artery detected by retroperitoneal hemorrhage: A case report.

Here, we report a case with successful treatment of inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm rupture due to celiac artery trunk compression caused by the median arcuate ligament. When clinicians see visceral aneurysms, the possibility of arcuate midline ligament compression syndrome (MALS) and ligamentectomy for MALS should be considered.

Synaptic function and plasticity in identified inhibitory inputs onto VTA dopamine neurons.

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurons are key components of the reward pathway, and their activity is powerfully controlled by a diverse array of inhibitory GABAergic inputs. Two major sources of GABAergic nerve terminals within the VTA are local VTA interneurons and neurons in the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg). Here, using optogenetics, we compared synaptic properties of GABAergic synapses on VTA dopamine neurons using selective activation of afferents that originate from these two cell populations.

Changes in the gut microbiota composition and the plasma ghrelin level in patients with infected patients with eradication therapy.

Objective: To investigate the influence of antimicrobials on both the gut microbiota structure and the plasma ghrelin level using -infected patients who underwent eradication therapy.

Design: Twenty -infected patients (mean age 68.3 years old) who underwent eradication therapy participated in the study.

Gastric microbiota in the functional dyspepsia patients treated with probiotic yogurt.

Objective: To investigate the structure of the gastric microbiota in functional dyspepsia (FD) and its role in the pathophysiology.

Design: We compared the basic physiological properties of the gastric fluid (GF) and the structure of the microbiota in the GF of 44 healthy control (HC) participants and 44 patients with FD. We then treated the patients with FD with a yogurt containing a probiotic strain of OLL2716 (LG21 yogurt) and investigated the effects on the bacteriological parameters and symptoms to examine the relationship between them.

Salmonella Enterica Serotype Enteritidis Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Epidural Abscess Complicated with Meningitis.

Infection with non-typhoidal Salmonella often results in a self-limited acute gastroenteritis. Extra-intestinal Salmonella infection is relatively rare and occurs predominantly in infants and adults with significant underlying conditions. We describe a 54-year-old Japanese man with a history of heavy alcohol consumption and daily contact with a dog, who developed bacteremia complicated by vertebral osteomyelitis, spinal epidural abscess, and meningitis, due to Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis.

Primary Effusion Lymphoma-like Lymphoma in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

To date, there are only 15 case reports of lymphoma in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a common autosomal dominant tumor predisposition syndrome. Here, we present the first report of a primary effusion lymphoma (PEL)-like lymphoma (PEL-L), which is a human herpes virus 8/Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus-unrelated PEL, in a 73-year-old woman with NF1. The woman presented with pleural effusion following surgery for a small intestinal gastrointestinal stromal tumor and a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor.

Influence of Proton-Pump Inhibitors on the Luminal Microbiota in the Gastrointestinal Tract.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate comparatively the influence of proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) administration on three bacterial communities in the oral cavity, stomach, and colon along the alimentary tract.

Methods: Forty-five subjects including 18 patients taking PPI were enrolled. Stimulated saliva, gastric fluid (GF), and feces were obtained from each subject for the microbiota analysis through bacterial 16S rRNA gene profiling using the pyrosequencing method.

Correlation between the Serum Pepsinogen I Level and the Symptom Degree in Proton Pump Inhibitor-Users Administered with a Probiotic.

In patients with functional upper gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and functional dyspepsia, the presence of symptoms is thought to occur in the absence of any organic diseases and the mechanisms behind this remain unclear. We therefore examined the relationship between stomach-related biomarker levels and symptoms. Twenty-four outpatients who had taken proton-pump inhibitors every day were enrolled in this study.