Three-year evaluation of a program teaching social determinants of health in community-based medical education: a general inductive approach for qualitative data analysis.

Background: Social determinants of health (SDH) are intricately intertwined with various social and economic factors. Reflection is essential for learning about SDH. However, only a few reports have focused on reflection in SDH programs; most were cross-sectional studies.

How do medical students learn about SDH in the community? A qualitative study with a realist approach.

Introduction: The need to learn social determinants of health (SDH) is increasing in disparate societies, but educational interventions are complex and learning mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, this study used a realist approach to identify SDH learning patterns, namely context (C), mechanism (M), and outcomes (O) in communities.

Methods: A 4-week clinical practice program was conducted for 5- and 6-year medical students in Japan.

Validation of the professional self-identity questionnaire for medical students during clinical practice in Japan.

Objectives: To validate the Professional Self Identity Questionnaire (PSIQ) for medical students during clinical practice.

Methods: We conducted a single-year longitudinal questionnaire study using the PSIQ. The PSIQ rates the nine items of "teamwork", "communication", "conducting assessment", "cultural awareness", "ethical awareness", "using records", "dealing with emergencies", "reflection", and "teaching" on a scale of 1-7 points.

Optimal Cutoff Values of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and its Short Version for Detecting Excessive Alcohol Use in Japanese College Students.

Alcohol use disorder is a serious health problem in college students. Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is a 10-item screening tool to assess alcohol consumption, drinking behaviors, and alcohol-related problems. AUDIT-C is a short version of AUDIT, consisting of consumption items 1-3.

Students' understanding of social determinants of health in a community-based curriculum: a general inductive approach for qualitative data analysis.

Background: A community-based medical education (CBME) curriculum may provide opportunities to learn about the social determinants of health (SDH) by encouraging reflection on context, but the categories that students can learn about and their level of reflection are unclear. We aimed to analyze medical students' understanding and level of reflection about SDH in a CBME curriculum.

Methods: Study design: General inductive approach for qualitative data analysis.

Effectiveness of an interprofessional education program using team-based learning for medical students: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: To respond to increasingly complicated healthcare needs in primary care settings, all health and medical welfare professionals are required to collaborate with multiprofessionals, namely via "interprofessional work" (IPW). Interprofessional education (IPE) is essential for effective IPW, especially for medical students. This study aimed to determine whether participation in IPE can increase medical students' readiness for interprofessional learning.

Inappropriate use of the emergency department for nonurgent conditions: Patient characteristics and associated factors at a Japanese hospital.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the primary factors associated with inappropriate out-of-hours emergency department (ED) use by patients with nonurgent conditions.

Methods: We compared patients with nonurgent conditions who made inappropriate, out-of-hours ED visits to patients who visited an acute care hospital during daytime consultation hours between May 30 and October 16, 2014, in terms of patient characteristics and reasons for consultation. Our goal was to identify factors associated with inappropriate ED use, defined as an out-of-hours, nonurgent, and unnecessary visits.

Interprofessional education in medical schools in Japan.

Interprofessional education (IPE) for medical students is becoming increasingly important, as reflected in the increasing number of medical schools adopting IPE. However, the current status of and barriers to pre-registration IPE implementation in Japanese medical schools remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to clarify the status and barriers of IPE implementation in medical schools in Japan.

Japanese regional-quota medical students in their final year are less motivated to work in medically underserved areas than they were in their first year: a prospective observational study.

Introduction: In Japanese medical schools, a special regional quota (chiikiwaku) system has been widely implemented to increase the number of physicians in medically underserved areas (MUAs). Regional quota students are required to take out a student loan but are exempted from repayment after fulfilling an approximately 9-year obligatory practice period. This study investigated the anticipated willingness of final-year regional quota students to remain in MUAs after their obligatory practice period, as well as factors associated with this willingness during students' first year.

Adherence to blood pressure measurement guidelines in long-term care facilities: A cross sectional study.

Objective: To assess the extent to which long-term care facilities in Japan adhere to blood pressure (BP) measurement guidelines.

Design: Cross-sectional, observational survey.

Setting: Japan (nationwide).

Stress Factors Associated With Burnout Among Attending Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Burnout in attending physicians is a crucial issue that may negatively impact patient outcomes, as well as affect the quality of training provided to residents. To investigate the association between burnout and stress-coping ability, we conducted a cross-sectional study of attending physicians.

Methods: From April 2013 to March 2014, we distributed an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire to 1,897 attending physicians who attended teaching-related training sessions and workshops.

Blood pressure measurements over thin and thick sleeves in the frail elderly.

Objective: Blood pressure (BP) measurement is recommended on bare arms, but undressing the arms for BP measurements is often difficult for frail elderly individuals. We aimed to assess the accuracy of BP measurements over arms with thin and thick clothing among the frail elderly.

Participants And Methods: This is a cross-sectional study.

Association between Excessive Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Injuries in College Students: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study in Japan.

Alcohol-related injuries in college students are a major public health problem worldwide. We clarified the association between excessive drinking and alcohol-related injuries in Japanese college students. This was a cross-sectional study with a self-administered questionnaire.

Comparison of blood pressure measurements on the bare arm, over a sleeve and over a rolled-up sleeve in the elderly.

Background: Although guidelines recommend that blood pressure (BP) should be measured on a bare arm, BP is sometimes measured over clothing in clinical settings.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of BP measurements over clothing rolled up to the elbow in clinical settings.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study to a total of 186 individuals recruited from a primary care clinic and two day-care facilities between July and September 2014.

The impact of an early_exposure program on medical students' interest in and knowledge of rural medical practices: a questionnaire survey.

Background: Many medical students in Japan were brought up in urban areas, thus rural medical practice is often unfamiliar to them. The University of Tsukuba created a one-day early_exposure program to provide freshman students with experience in rural practices. This study was designed to clarify how this one-day early_exposure program affected medical students' attitudes toward and knowledge of rural practices.

Palliative care physicians' practices and attitudes regarding advance care planning in palliative care units in Japan: a nationwide survey.

To clarify physicians' practices and attitudes regarding advance care planning (ACP) in palliative care units (PCUs) in Japan, we conducted a self-completed questionnaire survey of 203 certificated PCUs in 2010. Ninety-nine physicians participated in the survey. Although most Japanese palliative care physicians recognized the importance of ACP, many failed to implement aspects of patient-directed ACP that they acknowledged to be important, such as recommending completion of advance directives (ADs), designation of health care proxies, and implementing existing ADs.

The most requested factors in clinical skills exams for evaluating novice physicians: an internet-based survey of the general public in Japan.

Background: Clinical skills tests have been added to the national medical licensure examinations in Canada, the U.S., Korea and Switzerland.

[Factors related to municipality expectations of retaining physicians in public medical facilties].

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the association between municipality expectations of retaining physicians in public medical facilities and their evaluation of the physicians from key aspects considered important for practicing community medicine.

Methods: A cross-sectional study using a self-reported postal questionnaire survey was conducted with all 3,152 local governments in Japan from July to September, 2000. Three thousand and fifty-nine (94%) local governments responded.

[Community healthcare activities of physicians in public medical facilities and their evaluation by municipalities].

Objectives: In order to practice appropriate community healthcare activities, it is essential for healthcare providers to integrate medical, public health, and welfare systems into one comprehensive healthcare body. In Japan, local governments are obliged to provide their entire population with public health and welfare services And physicians who work as government employees at public medical facilities play an important role in combining the three systems. It has been reported that the level of subjective evaluation by the municipality of the degree of involvement by physicians in the region's public health activities and welfare services is associated with the standardized mortality rates for strokes in the area's population.

[Factors associated with municipality officers' recognition of relief for elderly life in each municipalities: the community health care white paper survey].

To elucidate the present condition about health, medicine and welfare, and to evaluate factors associated with relief for elderly life in each community, a questionnaire survey was conducted among officers of all the municipalities in Japan. We asked officers about their recognition whether older people can live feeling relieved or not, and other factors about health, medicine and welfare condition in each municipality. Demographic data of each municipality were also used as dependent variables.