Publications by authors named "Ayumi Shikama"
Article Synopsis
- The review highlights advancements in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in obstetrics and gynecological MRI, detailing its evolution from basic algorithms to deep learning techniques.
- It discusses recent research utilizing AI to identify various medical conditions like uterine leiomyosarcoma and endometrial cancer, as well as improvements in MRI segmentation and quality.
- The text notes ongoing challenges in the field while emphasizing the potential of AI to enhance diagnostic accuracy and support personalized medicine through better access to large datasets and multiparametric MRI technology.
Article Synopsis
- * In a subgroup analysis of 601 patients, those with anemia showed significantly fewer recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) cases with 12-month edoxaban treatment compared to 3 months, while no such reduction was observed in patients without anemia.
- * Overall, 12-month edoxaban treatment was more effective in preventing thrombotic events for both anemia and no-anemia groups, with no significant difference in major bleeding risk between the two treatment durations.
Article Synopsis
- The ONCO DVT study found that a 12-month course of edoxaban is more effective than a 3-month course for preventing thrombotic events in cancer patients with isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
- This analysis categorized 601 patients into three groups based on their modified Ottawa score (low, intermediate, high) to determine the effectiveness of extended anticoagulation.
- Results showed that extended treatment significantly reduced thrombotic events in the intermediate and high score groups but not in the low score group, indicating limited benefit for those with a low risk.
Article Synopsis
- The study aims to distinguish between struma ovarii (SO) and mucinous carcinomas (MC) based on various imaging techniques, including CT and MRI.
- Results show that SO displays more low intensity on T2-weighted images and hyperattenuation on non-contrast CT compared to MC, indicating significant differences in imaging characteristics.
- The findings suggest that SO can be specifically identified through a high-risk time-intensity curve pattern and the presence of low signal intensity on T2-weighted images, without diffusion restriction, contributing to more accurate diagnoses.
Background: Regulatory T (Treg) cells reportedly play crucial roles in tumor angiogenesis as well as antitumor immunity. In order to explore their therapeutic potential, we investigated the precise prognostic impact of Treg markers in endometrial carcinoma.
Methods: We performed multiplexed immunofluorescence and quantitative image analyses of CD25, FOXP3, CTLA4, and CD45RA in tumor specimens from 176 consecutive patients treated at our institution for primary endometrial carcinomas.
Article Synopsis
- The ONCO DVT study showed that a 12-month treatment with edoxaban is more effective than a 3-month treatment for preventing blood clots in patients with cancer-associated isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
- In a subgroup analysis, both standard (60 mg/day) and reduced (30 mg/day) dosages of edoxaban had lower rates of recurrent blood clots in those treated for 12 months compared to 3 months, but the risk of major bleeding was higher for the standard dose over 12 months.
- Overall, while a longer duration of edoxaban treatment is beneficial for reducing thrombotic risk, there is a cautionary note about increased bleeding risks with the higher dosage over extended periods
Background: The multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial ONCO DVT compared 3-month and 12-month edoxaban treatment regimens for isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and suggested potential benefits of prolonged edoxaban treatment in terms of thrombotic risk. However, the risk-benefit balance of prolonged edoxaban treatment in patients with renal function remains unclear.
Objectives: To compare the safety and efficacy of 3-month and 12-month edoxaban treatment regimens in patients with cancer-associated isolated distal DVT and different renal functions.
Objective: In the global phase 3 Study 309/KEYNOTE-775 (NCT03517449) at the first interim analysis, lenvatinib+pembrolizumab significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR) versus treatment of physician's choice chemotherapy (TPC) in patients with previously treated advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer (EC). This exploratory analysis evaluated outcomes in patients enrolled in East Asia at the time of prespecified final analysis.
Methods: Women ≥18 years with histologically confirmed advanced, recurrent, or metastatic EC with progressive disease after 1 platinum-based chemotherapy (2 if 1 given in neoadjuvant/adjuvant setting) were enrolled.
Prominent recent advancements in cancer treatment include the development and clinical application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, alongside a diverse array of novel molecular targeting therapeutics. NGS has enabled the high-speed and low-cost sequencing of whole genomes in individual patients, which has opened the era of genome-based precision medicine. The development of numerous molecular targeting agents, including anti-VEGF antibodies, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have all improved the efficacy of systemic cancer therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study investigates the ideal length of anticoagulation therapy for cancer patients with isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (DVT), comparing 12 months versus 3 months of edoxaban treatment, considering the balance between preventing thrombotic events and the risk of bleeding.
- A multicenter clinical trial included 601 patients, showing that longer treatment (12 months) significantly reduced the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) or VTE-related deaths compared to 3 months (1% vs. 7.2%).
- However, the incidence of major bleeding was slightly higher in the 12-month group (9.5%) versus the 3-month group (7.2%), indicating that while longer treatment is
The aim of this study was to determine which type of prophylaxis was effective for postoperative symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with gynecological malignancies. A total of 1756 consecutive patients undergoing laparotomy as first-line treatment were included. In Period 1 (2004-2009), low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was not available for postoperative VTE prophylaxis, but available in after Period 2 (2009-2013).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Three randomized controlled trials have resulted in extremely extensive application of the strategy of using neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS) for patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer in Japan. This study aimed to evaluate the status and effectiveness of treatment strategies using NAC followed by IDS in Japanese clinical practice.
Patients And Methods: We conducted a multi-institutional observational study of 940 women with Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages III-IV epithelial ovarian cancer treated at one of nine centers between 2010 and 2015.
Background: Cellular angiofibroma (CA) is a rare, benign mesenchymal tumor first described by Nucci et al. (Am J Surg Pathol 21:636-644, 1997. 10.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To compare MRI findings of high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) with and without breast cancer (BRCA) gene variants to explore the feasibility of MRI as a genetic predictor.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed MRI data from 16 patients with BRCA variant-positive (11 patients of BRCA1 and 5 patients of BRCA2 variant-positive) and 32 patients with BRCA variant-negative HGSCs and evaluated tumor size, appearance, nature of solid components, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value, time-intensity curve, several dynamic contrast-enhanced curve descriptors, and nature of peritoneal metastasis. Age, primary site, tumor stage, bilaterality, presence of lymph node metastasis, presence of peritoneal metastasis, and tumor markers were also compared between the groups with the Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests.
Some studies have shown increased risks of preterm birth, low birth weight, and cesarean delivery after oncologic treatment; others have shown the opposite. We evaluated the outcomes of pregnancies and deliveries of patients who underwent fertility-preserving surgery (FSS) for early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and examined their perinatal prognosis. This retrospective study included women with a history of stage IA or IC ovarian cancer reported in our previous study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudy 309/KEYNOTE-775 is a phase 3 open-label, randomized trial of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab versus treatment of physician's choice (TPC) in patients with advanced endometrial cancer with progression after platinum-based therapy. Primary endpoints of superiority for lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab were met for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in all-comers (ie, regardless of mismatch repair [MMR] status) and patients with MMR proficiency (pMMR). We present results for the Japanese subset.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is one of the most lethal types of ovarian cancer. Early-stage OCCC can be cured by surgery; however, advanced-stage disease shows poor prognosis due to chemoresistance unlike the more common high-grade serous carcinoma.
Methods: We explored the differential roles of the Wip1-p38-p53 DNA damage response pathway in respective early- or advanced-stage OCCC by immunohistochemistry of Wip1, phospho-p38, p53, and phospho-p53 from consecutive 143 patients.
Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is a rare uterine malignancy that requires accurate pathological diagnosis for proper treatment. This study aimed to clarify the discrepancies in the pathological diagnosis of ESS and obtain practical clues to improve diagnostic accuracy. Between 2002 and 2015, 148 patients with low-grade ESS (LGESS), high-grade ESS (HGESS), undifferentiated endometrial sarcoma (UES), or undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (UUS) diagnosed at 31 institutions were included.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Cancer is one of the main causes of death among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) aged 15-39 years. The improvement in overall 5-year survival in AYA cancer patients was far below than that of adult cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to clarify the features of cancer in AYAs by comparing them with those of controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPopulation-adjusted indirect treatment comparison of the SOLO1 and PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 trials evaluating maintenance olaparib or bevacizumab or the combination of both in newly diagnosed, advanced BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer.
Eur J Cancer
November 2021
Background: In the absence of randomised head-to-head trials, we conducted a population-adjusted indirect treatment comparison (PA-ITC) of phase III trial data to evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of maintenance olaparib and bevacizumab alone and in combination in patients with newly diagnosed, advanced ovarian cancer and a BRCA mutation (BRCAm).
Methods: An unanchored PA-ITC was performed on investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) data. Individual patient data from SOLO1 (olaparib versus placebo) and from BRCA-mutated patients in PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25 (olaparib plus bevacizumab versus placebo plus bevacizumab) were pooled.
A previous retrospective study of a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the endometrium including 42 cases employed a central pathologic review to ensure the reliability of the findings. However, the pathological processes were not described in detail. In this study, we further analyzed these processes and the results of pretreatment endometrial cytology of neuroendocrine carcinoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: This review aims to introduce preoperative scoring systems to predict lymph node metastasis (LNM) and ongoing clinical trials to investigate the therapeutic role of lymphadenectomy for endometrial cancer.
Methods: We summarized previous reports on the preoperative prediction models for LNM and evaluated their validity to omit lymphadenectomy in our recent cohorts. Next, we compared characteristics of two ongoing lymphadenectomy trials (JCOG1412, ECLAT) to examine the survival benefit of lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer, and described the details of JCOG1412.
Background: The aim of the current study was to evaluate oncologic outcomes of patients who were treated with salvage hysterectomy (HT), compared to systemic chemotherapy (CT) for persistent cervical cancer after definitive radiotherapy (RT)/ concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).
Methods: Patients with persistent cervical cancer treated with definitive RT/CCRT at 35 institutions from 2005 to 2014 were reviewed retrospectively (n = 317). Those who underwent a HT for persistent cervical cancer after definitive RT/CCRT were matched with propensity scores for patients who underwent systemic CT.
Background: Thrombocytosis is related to tumor stage and survival in ovarian cancer in addition to the common complications of malignant diseases, such as anemia and inflammation. The aim of our study was to clarify the precise prognostic impact of pretreatment thrombocytosis in epithelial ovarian cancer.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 280 consecutive patients who were treated for epithelial ovarian cancer at our institution between 2001 and 2011.
Background: Despite recent findings that epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) deletions can cause Lynch syndrome (LS), its clinical characteristics are still unknown. We present the first case of ileum cancer in a patient with germline EPCAM gene deletion, which was discovered during ovarian tumor surgery.
Case Presentation: A 59-year-old woman presented with a history of colon cancer occurring at 38 and 55 years old.