The Effect of Exercise on Immune Response in Population with Increased Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aimed to provide information on existing interventional studies that evaluate the efficacy of exercise in populations with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors through immune functional perspectives. A literature search was conducted in four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Taylor & Francis and ScienceDirect from January 2012 to February 2023. The articles were screened and evaluated for quality before data were extracted.

Efficacy of exercise treatments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review.

Objective: To review the efficacy of exercise treatments on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Ebscohost, SPORTDiscus, ProQuest, Web of Science.

Review Methods: A systematic review was performed to identify the relevant studies published from 2011 to 2023.

Effects of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing on Salivary Lysozyme, Mood States and Running Performance Among Recreational Runners.

Introduction: Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinsing can enhance sports performance through a central action mediated by receptors in the mouth. This study examined the effect of a CHO mouth rinse on salivary lysozyme concentrations, mood states and running performances.

Methods: Ten males recreational runners were randomised to three running trials with a 1 week recovery period between the trials.

The Effect of Brain Breaks on Physical Activity Behaviour among Primary School Children: A Transtheoretical Perspective.

Brain Breaks Physical Activity Solutions (BBPAS) is a web-based structured physical activity (PA) video that is specifically designed for school settings and can stimulate a student's health and learning. The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of BBPAS on the stages of change, decisional balance, processes of change, self-efficacy and leisure-time exercise among Malay ethnic primary school children. A validated Malay version of three of the five constructs was derived with sound validity and was used in the present study.

Effects of Isokinetic versus Isotonic Training and its Cessation on Total Leukocytes and Lymphocytes Count in Adolescent State-level Weightlifters.

Background: The study investigated the effects of isokinetic versus isotonic training among adolescent state-level weightlifters in terms of total leukocytes, total lymphocytes, and its subsets following 24 sessions of training program and a month following training program cessation.

Methods: Nineteen adolescent state-level weightlifters were assigned into isokinetic or isotonic groups. All participants were recruited from a pool of weightlifters with standardized training program provided by their coach.

Effects of prolonged running in the heat and cool environments on selected physiological parameters and salivary lysozyme responses.

Introduction: Lysozyme is one of the salivary antimicrobial proteins which act as the "first line of defence" at the mucosal surface. The effects of prolonged exercise in the hot and cool environments among recreational athletes on salivary lysozyme responses are very limited in the literature, especially in the Asian countries.

Objective: To determine the effects of prolonged running in the hot and cool environments on selected physiological parameters and salivary lysozyme responses among recreational athletes.

The effects of combined probiotic ingestion and circuit training on muscular strength and power and cytokine responses in young males.

To our knowledge, the efficacy of combined probiotic supplementation with circuit training has not been evaluated. Thus, we investigated the effects of probiotic supplementation combined with circuit training on isokinetic muscular strength and power and cytokine responses in young males. Forty-eight healthy sedentary young males were recruited and randomised into 4 separate groups: sedentary placebo control, probiotics (P), circuit training with placebo (CT), and circuit training with probiotics (CTP).

Effects of probiotics supplementation and circuit training on immune responses among sedentary young males.

Background: Growing evidence suggests that probiotics may have positive benefits on immune responses following endurance exercise. However, little attention has been given to its possible beneficial effects on immune responses following resistance exercise.

Methods: Forty-one healthy sedentary males were recruited and randomised into four groups: sedentary control with placebo (C), probiotics (P), circuit training with placebo (Ex), and circuit training with probiotics (PEx) groups.

Sex differences in upper respiratory symptoms prevalence and oral-respiratory mucosal immunity in endurance athletes.

The purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in oral-respiratory mucosal immunity and the incidence, severity and duration of upper respiratory symptoms (URS) episodes in endurance athletes during a 16-week winter training period. Blood was collected from 210 subjects (147 men and 63 women) at the start and end of the study for determination of differential leukocyte counts. Timed collections of unstimulated saliva were obtained at the start and at 4-week intervals during the study period.

Herbs in exercise and sports.

The use of herbs as ergogenic aids in exercise and sport is not novel. Ginseng, caffeine, ma huang (also called 'Chinese ephedra'), ephedrine and a combination of both caffeine and ephedrine are the most popular herbs used in exercise and sports. It is believed that these herbs have an ergogenic effect and thus help to improve physical performance.