Is there a comparable Mp-MRI for incidental prostate uptake on 18 F-FDG PET/CT?

Purpose: Although 18 F-FDG-PET/CT is helpful in defining many types of cancer, localized prostate cancer should not be treated with this technique. This study describes the use of multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) to characterize incidental 18 F-FDG uptake in the prostate.

Methods And Materials: While 18 F-FDG-PET/CT is useful for characterizing a variety of cancers, it is not advised for prostate cancer that is localized.

An Isolated Enteric Duplication Cyst With Mucinous Neoplasm Presenting as a Mesenteric Cyst: A Case Report.

Enteric duplication cysts (EDCs) are infrequent intraabdominal lesions, though they can be detected anywhere throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Rarely, they can be asymptomatic and encountered in adulthood. Completely isolated EDCs are rarer with malignant transformation inside the cyst.

Preoperative Prediction of Muscle Invasiveness in Bladder Cancer: The Role of 3D Volumetric Radiomics Using Diffusion-Weighted MRI, the VI-RADS Score, or a Combination of Both.

Background: Bladder cancer treatment decisions hinge on detecting muscle invasion. The 2018 "Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System" (VI-RADS) standardizes multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) use. Radiomics, an analysis framework, provides more insightful information than conventional methods.

Can the Combination of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predict the Mass Origin in Ovarian Masses?

Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), blood parameters, and tumor markers to determine the role of objective criteria in distinguishing malignant, borderline, and benign masses and to minimize unnecessary surgical interventions by reducing interpretation differences.

Methods: The histopathological and clinical-laboratory results of the patients who underwent surgery for the initial diagnosis and whose ovarian masses were confirmed were retrospectively reviewed. Between groups, age, cancer antigen 125, mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the presence of ascites, the ovarian-adnexal reporting and data system MRI scores, mass characteristics, and lymphocyte count were compared.

The effect of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity on survival in gastric cancer.

Background: Sarcopenic obesity arises from increased muscle catabolism triggered by inflammation and inactivity. Its significance lies in its role in contributing to morbidity and mortality in gastric cancer. This study aims to explore the potential correlation between sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and gastric cancer, as well as their effect on survival.

The role of endobronchial ultrasonography elastography in the diagnosis of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes.

Background: Endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) is a minimally invasive diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymph nodes (LNs) and has sonographic features. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of EBUS elastography, which evaluates tissue compressibility integrated into EBUS, on malignant vs. benign mediastinal-hilar LNs.

Transparency in Artificial Intelligence Research: a Systematic Review of Availability Items Related to Open Science in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine.

Rationale And Objectives: Reproducibility of artificial intelligence (AI) research has become a growing concern. One of the fundamental reasons is the lack of transparency in data, code, and model. In this work, we aimed to systematically review the radiology and nuclear medicine papers on AI in terms of transparency and open science.

Radiomics of locally advanced rectal cancer: machine learning-based prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy using pre-treatment sagittal T2-weighted MRI.

Purpose: Variable response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is observed among individuals with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), having a significant impact on patient management. In this work, we aimed to investigate the potential value of machine learning (ML)-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics in predicting therapeutic response to nCRT in patients with LARC.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-six patients with LARC were included in this retrospective study.

Is appendectomy always the adequate treatment? Clinical manifestations of isolated actinomycosis in appendix.

Isolated appendiceal actinomycosis is a rare chronic progressive suppurative infection. Causative agent in humans is gram-positive saprophytic an- aerobic bacteria, Actinomyces Israelii. Herein, it was aimed to present a case of acute appendicitis that developed in a 54-year-old female due to isolated appendiceal actinomycosis.

Could arterial stiffness be early reversible target organ damage test in childhood hypertension?

Objective: The recommended treatment for hypertension (HTN) in children has been revised recently. This study aimed to present the changes in target organ damage (TOD) and arterial stiffness parameters after treatment in children with primary HTN who were managed in accordance with the 2016 European Society of Hypertension Guidelines.

Methods: Patients with primary HTN included in this study were newly diagnosed, untreated, and were followed-up for a minimum of 6 months.

Transbronchial cryobiopsy for diagnosing parenchymal lung diseases: real-life experience from a tertiary referral center.

Background And Objectives: Transbronchial cryobiopsy (cryo-TBB) is increasingly being used in the diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD). Varying diagnostic success and complication rates have been reported. Herein we report our experience with cryo-TBB, focusing on diagnostic yield, factors affecting diagnosis, and safety.

Tubular gastric adenocarcinoma: machine learning-based CT texture analysis for predicting lymphovascular and perineural invasion.

Purpose: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) are associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancers. In this work, we aimed to investigate the potential role of computed tomography (CT) texture analysis in predicting LVI and PNI in patients with tubular gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) using a machine learning (ML) approach.

Methods: Sixty-eight patients who underwent total gastrectomy with curative (R0) resection and D2-lymphadenectomy were included in this retrospective study.

18F-FDG PET/CT in Hyalinized Cholecystitis.

Hyalinizing cholecystitis is a rare type of chronic cholecystitis. Moderate patchy transmural especially perivascular lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory cell infiltration is observed in the gallbladder wall. We present the 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI findings of this rare subtype of chronic cholecystitis.

Machine Learning in Radiomic Renal Mass Characterization: Fundamentals, Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the traditional machine learning (ML)-based and deep learning-based radiomic approaches, with focus placed on renal mass characterization. ML currently has a very low barrier to entry into general medical practice because of the availability of many open-source, free, and easy-to-use toolboxes. Therefore, it should not be surprising to see its related applications in renal mass characterization.

Computed tomography texture analysis in patients with gastric cancer: a quantitative imaging biomarker for preoperative evaluation before neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment.

Purpose: The aim of the study is to explore the role of computed tomography texture analysis (CT-TA) for predicting clinical T and N stages and tumor grade before neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment in gastric cancer (GC) patients during the preoperative period.

Materials And Methods: CT images of 114 patients with GC were included in this retrospective study. Following pre-processing steps, textural features were extracted using MaZda software in the portal venous phase.

Prediction of Benign and Malignant Solid Renal Masses: Machine Learning-Based CT Texture Analysis.

Rationale And Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether benign and malignant renal solid masses could be distinguished through machine learning (ML)-based computed tomography (CT) texture analysis.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-nine patients with 84 solid renal masses (21 benign; 63 malignant) from a single center were included in this retrospective study. Malignant masses included common renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes: clear cell RCC, papillary cell RCC, and chromophobe RCC.

Schwannomas of Uncommon Peripheral Locations: Analysis of Imaging Findings of 21 Cases.

Background: Schwannomas are benign slow-growing tumors most often associated with the cranial nerves. Schwannomas often originate from the eighth cranial nerve. They may also originate from the peripheral nervous system of the neck and extremities.

Subacute Venous Infarct Mimicking Cerebral Metastasis in 18F-FDG PET/CT.

A 68-year-old woman with colon carcinoma was referred to F-FDG PET/CT imaging for staging. In addition to primary tumor involvement, PET/CT demonstrated focal FDG uptake in the right temporal lobe suggestive of primary brain tumor or metastasis. To delineate the lesion, a brain MRI scan showed sigmoid sinus thrombosis and vasogenic edema in the right temporal lobe.

Textural differences between renal cell carcinoma subtypes: Machine learning-based quantitative computed tomography texture analysis with independent external validation.

Objective: To develop externally validated, reproducible, and generalizable models for distinguishing three major subtypes of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) using machine learning-based quantitative computed tomography (CT) texture analysis (qCT-TA).

Materials And Methods: Sixty-eight RCCs were included in this retrospective study for model development and internal validation. Another 26 RCCs were included from public databases (The Cancer Genome Atlas-TCGA) for independent external validation.

Is appendectomy always adequate for treatment?: Clinical manifestations of isolated actinomycosis in the appendix.

Isolated appendiceal actinomycosis is a rare chronic progressive suppurative infection. Its causative agent in humans is a Gram-positive saprophytic anaerobic bacteria, Actinomyces israelii. We present a case of an acute appendicitis that developed in a 54-year-old woman due to isolated appendiceal actinomycosis.

Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Machine Learning-Based Quantitative Computed Tomography Texture Analysis for Prediction of Fuhrman Nuclear Grade.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of quantitative computed tomography (CT) texture analysis using different machine learning (ML) classifiers for discriminating low and high nuclear grade clear cell renal cell carcinomas (cc-RCCs).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 53 patients with pathologically proven 54 cc-RCCs (31 low-grade [grade 1 or 2]; 23 high-grade [grade 3 or 4]). In one patient, two synchronous cc-RCCs were included in the analysis.

Relations Between Hyoid-Related Cephalometric Measurements and Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the hyoid-related cephalometric measurements and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: A total of 56 subjects were evaluated by lateral cephalometric radiography and polysomnography (PSG). The OSA diagnosis was made according to the patients' AHI.