Interactions of Human Dermal Dendritic Cells and Langerhans Cells Treated with Tick Saliva with Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus is one the most important and wide spread tick-borne viruses. Very little is known about the transmission from the tick and the early aspects of pathogenesis. Here, we generate human cutaneous antigen presenting cells-dermal dendritic cells and Langerhans cells-from umbilical cord progenitor cells.

The role of ticks in the maintenance and transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: A review of published field and laboratory studies.

This manuscript is part of a series of reviews that aim to cover published research on Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and its etiological agent, CCHF virus (CCHFV). The virus is maintained and transmitted in a vertical and horizontal transmission cycle involving a variety of wild and domestic vertebrate species that act as amplification hosts, without showing signs of illness. These vertebrates have traditionally been considered reservoirs of CCHFV, but in fact they develop only a transient viremia, while the virus can persist in ticks for their entire lifespan, and can also be transmitted vertically to the next generation.

Transstadial Transmission and Long-term Association of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Ticks Shapes Genome Plasticity.

The trade-off hypothesis, the current paradigm of arbovirus evolution, proposes that cycling between vertebrate and invertebrate hosts presents significant constraints on genetic change of arboviruses. Studying these constraints in mosquito-borne viruses has led to a new understanding of epizootics. The trade-off hypothesis is assumed to be applicable to tick-borne viruses too, although studies are lacking.

Revisiting detachment techniques in human-biting ticks.

Background: Early and complete removal of ticks using the right technique is important to reduce tick-transmitted diseases. Several chemical and mechanical detachment techniques have been described previously.

Objective: We aimed to compare the performance of 4 tick-detachment techniques that are widely used in human beings and to determine the optimal method from these techniques.

[Evaluation of 10 cases of Lyme disease presenting with erythema migrans in Istanbul, Turkey].

Lyme disease (LD) is a tick-borne, multisystemic infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. Although variable rates of seropositivity for B.burgdorferi have been reported between 2% to 44% in Turkey, its actual prevalence is not well-understood.

External morphological anomalies in ixodid ticks from Thrace, Turkey.

Of 18,667 ticks examined, 33 specimens from species identified as Haemaphysalis parva, Hyalomma marginatum, Hy. scupense, Rhipicephalus bursa and Rh. turanicus were found to have external morphological anomalies.

Influence of laboratory animal hosts on the life cycle of Hyalomma marginatum and implications for an in vivo transmission model for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is one of the most geographically widespread arboviruses and causes a severe hemorrhagic syndrome in humans. The virus circulates in nature in a vertebrate-tick cycle and ticks of the genus Hyalomma are the main vectors and reservoirs. Although the tick vector plays a central role in the maintenance and transmission of CCHFV in nature, comparatively little is known of CCHFV-tick interactions.

Rickettsia species in ticks removed from humans in Istanbul, Turkey.

A total of 167 ticks collected from humans in Istanbul (Turkey) in 2006 were screened for Rickettsia species, and nested PCRs targeting gltA and ompA rickettsial fragment genes were carried out. Rickettsia monacensis (51), R. aeschlimannii (8), R.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in European part of Turkey: genetic analysis of the virus strains from ticks and a seroepidemiological study in humans.

A survey of ticks from domestic ruminants, together with a serosurvey in humans was conducted in Thrace (northwestern Turkey) to evaluate the prevalence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) in ticks and humans. More prevalent ticks were Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma aegyptium, Rhipicephalus bursa, and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, with low numbers of Dermacentor marginatus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus group, and Ixodes ricinus. No differences in the tick faunal composition were found among surveyed provinces.

A newly identified Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus strain in Turkey.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a fatal viral disease that occurs in approximately 30 countries. It has the most extensive geographic range among the tick-borne viruses that affect human health. Recently, a 6-year-old boy presented with complaints of fever, fatigue, and loss of appetite.

The first clinical case due to AP92 like strain of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus and a field survey.

Background: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a fatal infection, but no clinical case due to AP92 strain was reported. We described the first clinical case due to AP92 like CCHFV.

Methods: A case infected by a AP92 like CCHFV was detected in Balkanian part of Turkey.

An early warning system for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever seasonality in Turkey based on remote sensing technology.

In the last few years, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has been reported as an emerging tickborne disease in Turkey. This paper deals with the preparation of an early warning system, aimed to predict the beginning of the CCHF season in Turkey based on a clear, simple and repeatable remotely-sensed signal. Decadal (mean of 10 days) values of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at 1 km resolution were used on a set of 952 confirmed, accurately geo-referenced, clinical cases between 2003 and 2006.

Modeling the spatial distribution of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Turkey.

The more than 1100 human cases of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) reported in a continuing series of outbreaks that started in 2003 in Turkey constitute the largest epidemic of the disease since CCHF was first recognized in 1944. The spatial distribution of CCHF case reporting rates in Turkey was studied to look for clusters of disease. We applied the spatial scan analysis to test the hypothesis of whether there were areas with a higher than expected number of CCHF cases.

Imported Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever cases in Istanbul.

We described a series of imported cases of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in Istanbul and investigated the genetic diversity of the virus. All the suspected cases of CCHF, who were applied to the health centers in Istanbul, were screened for CCHF virus (CCHFv) infection by using semi-nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) following RT-PCR. Simultaneous blood samples were also sent to the national reference laboratory in Ankara for serologic investigation.

Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase in murine visceral larva migrans: effects on lung and liver damage.

The roles of nitric oxide production and oxidative process were studied in mice infected with Toxocara canis and treated with aminoguanidine which is a specific inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Relations of nitric oxide synthase inhibition and tissue pathology were assessed by biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical methods. In experiments, Balb/c albino mice were inoculated with T.

In vivo inhibition of inducible nitric oxide and evaluation of the brain tissue damage induced by Toxocara canis larvae in experimentally infected mice.

Nitric oxide (NO) is known to be produced by macrophages, endothelial cells and neurons and synthesized by an enzyme called nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Various effector mechanisms and infections can affect the NO production. Excessive amount of NO will lead to biochemical reactions, which cause toxic effects.