Taurine Protects Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity via Its Membrane-Stabilizing Effect in Rats.

Background: Doxorubicin (dox) is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used against various tumors. However, the clinical use of this agent is limited due to various organ toxicities. Taurine is an intracellular free β-amino acid with antioxidant properties.

Empagliflozin significantly prevents QTc prolongation due to amitriptyline intoxication.

Aim: Empagliflozin (EMPA) is a sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitor used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and has positive effects on cardiovascular outcomes. Amitriptyline (AMT) can be used in many clinical indications but leads to cardiotoxicity by causing QT prolongation. Our aim in this study was to determine how the effects of the concomitant use of empagliflozin and amitriptyline, which have been shown to have effects on sodium and calcium metabolism in cardiomyocytes, would cause an effect on QT and QTc intervals in clinical practice.

Biological nerve conduit model with de-epithelialized human amniotic membrane and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell sheet for repair of peripheral nerve defects.

In this study, a biological conduit, consisting of an adipocyte-derived mesenchymal stem cell (AdMSCs) sheet and amniotic membrane (AM), was designed for the reconstruction of peripheral nerve defects. To evaluate the effect of the produced conduit on neural regeneration, a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect was created in rats, and experiments were carried out on six groups, i.e.

Empagliflozin Significantly Prevents the Doxorubicin-induced Acute Cardiotoxicity via Non-antioxidant Pathways.

Empagliflozin (EMPA) is a SGLT-2 inhibitor that has positive effects on cardiovascular outcomes. In this study, we aim to evaluate the possible protective effects of EMPA against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced acute cardiotoxicity. Non-diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups.

Protective effect of taurine against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: echocardiographical and histological findings.

Doxorubicin (DOXO) may cause serious cardiotoxic effects that limit its use as an antineoplastic agent. We aimed to evaluate the protective role of taurine (TAU), a beta amino acid with antioxidant activity, against DOXO-induced cardiotoxicity in a rat model. Thirty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-400 g) were randomized into four groups: control (n = 7, intraperitoneal [ip] saline for 14 days), TAU (n = 8, 150 mg/kg body weight TAU ip for 14 days), DOXO (n = 8, 25 mg/kg body weight DOXO ip on 12th, 13th, and 14th days), and DOXO + TAU (n = 8, TAU for 14 days and DOXO on 12th, 13th, and 14th days).

Clinical features and subjective/physiological responses to emotional stimuli in the presence of emotion dysregulation in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Introduction: Emotion dysregulation (ED) has long been recognized in clinical descriptions of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but a renewed interest in ED has advanced research on the overlap between the two entities. Autonomic reactivity (AR) is a neurobiological correlate of emotion regulation; however, the association between ADHD and AR remains unclear. Our aim was to explore the clinical differences, AR, and subjective emotional responses to visual emotional stimuli in ADHD children with and without ED.

Protective role of erdosteine pretreatment on oleic acid-induced acute lung injury.

Background: Erdosteine is a mucolytic agent with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We evaluated the protective effect of erdosteine pretreatment on oleic acid (OA)-induced acute lung injury.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar Albino rats were assigned to four treatments: control (oral saline + 50 μL intravenous [i.

Potential excitatory role of nitric oxide on 2-deoxy-d-glucose-induced gastric motility in rats.

Previous studies have shown that 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) increases gastric motility via the vagus nerve, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Since nitric oxide (NO) is involved in gastric motility, a possible interplay between 2-DG and NO can be suggested. In the present study, Wistar rats (250-350 g) of both sexes were intravenously injected with 2-DG (200 mg/kg), and the effects of the intravenous injection of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors; nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 10 mg/kg) and N -nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA, 10 mg/kg) were investigated.

A RecA protein surface required for activation of DNA polymerase V.

DNA polymerase V (pol V) of Escherichia coli is a translesion DNA polymerase responsible for most of the mutagenesis observed during the SOS response. Pol V is activated by transfer of a RecA subunit from the 3'-proximal end of a RecA nucleoprotein filament to form a functional complex called DNA polymerase V Mutasome (pol V Mut). We identify a RecA surface, defined by residues 112-117, that either directly interacts with or is in very close proximity to amino acid residues on two distinct surfaces of the UmuC subunit of pol V.

Does hypercholesterolemia affect the relaxation of the detrusor smooth muscle in rats? In vitro and in vivo studies.

To evaluate the effects of hypercholesterolemia on the relaxation function of the urinary bladder, we examined the physiological mechanisms involved in the isoproterenol-induced relaxation in isolated detrusor strips in vitro and voiding behavior in vivo in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed standard (control, N = 16) or 4 % cholesterol diet (hypercholesterolemia, N = 17) for 4 weeks. Concentration-response curves for isoproterenol-induced relaxations in carbachol-precontracted detrusor muscle strips were recorded.

DNA polymerase V activity is autoregulated by a novel intrinsic DNA-dependent ATPase.

Escherichia coli DNA polymerase V (pol V), a heterotrimeric complex composed of UmuD'2C, is marginally active. ATP and RecA play essential roles in the activation of pol V for DNA synthesis including translesion synthesis (TLS). We have established three features of the roles of ATP and RecA.

The effects of prenatal sex steroid hormones on sexual differentiation of the brain.

Most of the anatomical, physiological and neurochemical gender-related differences in the brain occur prenatally. The sexual differences in the brain are affected by sex steroid hormones, which play important roles in the differentiation of neuroendocrine system and behavior. Testosterone, estrogen and dihydrotestosterone are the main steroid hormones responsible for the organization and sexual differentiation of brain structures during early development.

Hydrogen peroxide stimulates activity and alters behavior in Drosophila melanogaster.

Circadian rhythms in animals are regulated at the level of individual cells and by systemic signaling to coordinate the activities of multiple tissues. The circadian pacemakers have several physiological outputs, including daily locomotor rhythms. Several redox-active compounds have been found to function in regulation of circadian rhythms in cells, however, how particular compounds might be involved in regulating specific animal behaviors remains largely unknown.

The Escherichia coli common pilus and the bundle-forming pilus act in concert during the formation of localized adherence by enteropathogenic E. coli.

Although the bundle-forming pilus (BFP) of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) mediates microcolony formation on epithelial cells, the adherence of BFP-deficient mutants is significantly abrogated, but the mutants are still adherent due to the presence of intimin and possibly other adhesins. In this study we investigated the contribution of the recently described E. coli common pilus (ECP) to the overall adherence properties of EPEC.

Effect of age on angiotensin II-mediated downregulation of adrenomedullary catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes.

Expression of catecholamine biosynthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta hydroxylase (DbetaH) increase with age in the adrenal medulla, however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, we examined the effect of peripheral angiotensin II (AngII) on the expression of TH and DbetaH, in the adrenal medulla of young (6 mo) and old (23 mo) Fischer-344 rats. Saline or AngII (230 ng/kg/min sc) was infused for 3 days using osmotic minipumps.

Host protein binding and adhesive properties of H6 and H7 flagella of attaching and effacing Escherichia coli.

It had been suggested that the flagella of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) might contribute to host colonization. In this study, we set out to investigate the adhesive properties of H7 and H6 flagella.

Tezosentan attenuates organ injury and mesenteric blood flow decrease in endotoxemia and cecal ligation and puncture.

Background: Decreased mesenteric blood flow and multiple organ injury due to free radicals are the consequences of septic shock. Since the blockade of endothelin receptors was reported to exert beneficial effects, we investigated the effects of tezosentan, a novel dual endothelin receptor antagonist, in two different experimental models of septic shock induced either by the injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin (ETX, 20 mg/kg, i.p.

Commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli use a common pilus adherence factor for epithelial cell colonization.

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is a food-borne pathogen that causes hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic uremic syndrome. Colonization of the human gut mucosa and production of potent Shiga toxins are critical virulence traits of EHEC. Although EHEC O157:H7 contains numerous putative pili operons, their role in the colonization of the natural bovine or accidental human hosts remains largely unknown.

Vitamin E protects against lipid peroxidation due to cold-SO2 coexposure in mouse lung.

Exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2) and cold increases especially in the winter. SO2 or cold exposure destroys the oxidant/antioxidant balance and increases lipid peroxidation. However, the effect of coexistence of both factors has not been studied yet.

Decreased erythrocyte deformability in Behçet's disease.

Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic recurrent systemic vasculitis of unknown cause. Thrombotic tendency is another characteristics of BD. While hemorheological changes play crucial role in thrombosis, erythrocyte deformability (ED), which is one of the main determinants of microcirculation and blood viscosity, has not been studied before in BD.