Metoclopramide-induced rapid-onset psychosis in a child with methylphenidate use: a case report.

Background: Metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist employed for its antiemetic effects, can precipitate neuropsychiatric adverse effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms and, in a few instances, acute psychosis. Although there have been reports of metoclopramide-induced psychosis in elderly individuals, there is no documentation of such incidents in children as far as we are aware.

Case Presentation: This case report describes an 11-year-old girl with a history of mild intellectual disability and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, managed with 10 mg of methylphenidate daily.

Ocular hemodynamics in epileptic children treated with antiepileptic drugs.

Purpose: To evaluate the quantitative measurements obtained for vessel density (VD) of the optic nerve head, macula, peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (p-RNFL) and total retinal thicknesses (Trt) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and the choroidal vascular structure using an image binarization method in children with epilepsy using three different antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and to compare these measurements with healthy participants.

Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study included 124 patients divided into 4 groups: Group-1: patients receiving carbamazepine(n = 30), group-2: patients receiving levetiracetam (n = 31), group-3: patients receiving valproic acid (n = 32), and group 4: healthy controls (n = 31).A fully automated microstructural analysis of the VD of the retinal superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and the choriocapillaris (CC) layers and radial peripapillary capillary, and Trt, p-RNFL thickness were analyzed by using OCT-A.

Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 as an unrecognized cause of early-onset stroke and cranial nerve palsy.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings and prognosis of patients with adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency (DADA2) and to highlight the conditions that DADA2 should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with neurological findings.

Methods: A case series of six DADA2 patients was presented in this retrospective, descriptive study. Clinical and laboratory data, treatment protocols, and prognosis of the patients were recorded.

Difficult to think about but easy to treat: scurvy.

Objectives: Severe vitamin C deficiency, or scurvy, presents as a syndrome of multisystem abnormalities associated with defective collagen synthesis and antioxidative functions. The many clinical features of scurvy lead to frequent misdiagnoses, as they can often point to other diseases, such as vasculitis, venous thrombosis and musculoskeletal disorders. As such, an extensive workup is recommended in cases in which scurvy is suspected.

Ocular perfusion characteristics of children with newly diagnosed epilepsy.

Background: To investigate the vascular changes of the optic nerve head (ONH) and macula by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), and also the choroidal vascular structure by using an image binarization tool in children with newly diagnosed epilepsy and to then compare these parameters with healthy subjects.

Methods: Forty-one epilepsy children and 36 healthy controls were included in this prospective and cross-sectional study.The radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vessel density (VD) and macular foveal,parafoveal,perifoveal of superficial capillary plexus (SCP),deep capillary plexus (DCP) and choriocapillaris (CC) VD, and CC flow area were analyzed.

Two Patients Diagnosed as Succinate Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Case Report.

Introduction: Succinate dehydrogenase deficiency, also known as mitochondrial complex II deficiency, is a rare inborn error of metabolism, accounting for approximately 2% of mitochondrial disease. Mutations in the four genes and have been reported resulting in diverse clinical presentations. The vast majority of clinically affected individuals reported in the literature harbor genetic variants within the gene and present with a Leigh syndrome phenotype, clinically defined as a subacute necrotizing encephalopathy.

Re-examining the characteristics of pediatric multiple sclerosis in the era of antibody-associated demyelinating syndromes.

Background: The discovery of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG and anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4)-IgG and the observation on certain patients previously diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) actually have an antibody-mediated disease mandated re-evaluation of pediatric MS series.

Aim: To describe the characteristics of recent pediatric MS cases by age groups and compare with the cohort established before 2015.

Method: Data of pediatric MS patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2021 were collected from 44 pediatric neurology centers across Türkiye.

Infantile spasms: Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pediatricians in Turkey.

Background: Infantile Spasms Syndrome (ISS) encompasses both West syndrome (WS), comprising epileptic spasms, psychomotor stagnation or regression and hypsarrhythmia, and also infants presenting with epileptic spasms who do not fulfill the triad of WS.

Objective: To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding ISS among Turkish pediatricians and pediatric residents.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pediatricians and pediatric residents from all regions of Turkey.

Mild encephalopathy with reversible extensive white matter lesions in a child with acute adenoviral infection and a literature review.

Background: Mild encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is a known clinical-radiological description. However, MERS with extensive lesions (MERS type-2) is rarely associated with adenovirus. There are only three published cases of MERS type-2 associated with adenovirus infection.

Algorithm for the diagnosis and management of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19.

Objective: Although the initial reports of COVID-19 cases in children described that children were largely protected from severe manifestations, clusters of paediatric cases of severe systemic hyperinflammation and shock related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection began to be reported in the latter half of April 2020. A novel syndrome called "multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" (MIS-C) shares common clinical features with other well-defined syndromes, including Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome. Our objective was to develop a protocol for the evaluation, treatment and follow-up of patients with MIS-C.

Differences in corpus callosum morphology between healthy adolescents and adolescents with migraine: a case control study.

Background/aim: This study objected to compare the measurements of corpus callosum substructures of adolescents with migraine and healthy adolescents.

Materials And Methods: Materials and methodsIn a case-control design, adolescents aged 12–18 years with the diagnosis of migraine and healthy control group had brain magnetic resonance imaging examination. The CC dimensions including anteroposterior length, truncus, genu and splenium widths of the case and control groups were measured and compared.

Impact of COVID-19 on serum melatonin levels and sleep parameters in children.

Background/aim: This study aimed to analyze the serum melatonin levels and changes in sleep patterns in pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Materials And Methods: This study was designed as a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Serum melatonin levels and sleep parameters of children with the diagnosis of COVID-19 who had mild and moderate disease (i.

Ambulatory blood pressure abnormalities in children with migraine.

Background: Although there are data showing that the frequency of hypertension increases in adults with migraine, there has been no study on this subject in children. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the presence of hypertension in children with migraine by performing ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).

Methods: Thirty-seven children diagnosed with migraine and 30 healthy controls were evaluated between January 2015 and March 2016.

An infant who suffered seizures many times after pentavalent vaccination: A case report.

Although rare, serious adverse effects may be seen after vaccination. Especially, the whole-cell pertussis vaccine has been held responsible for neurological side effects, as the most important problem in vaccination. With the advancement in vaccination technologies, whole-cell pertussis vaccine has been replaced by acellular pertussis vaccine, and neurological side effects have been significantly reduced.

Relationship between headache and Internet addiction in children.

Background/aim: We aimed to investigate Internet addiction in pediatric patients with migraine- and tension-type headache in this study.

Materials And Methods: Among our 200 subjects, 103 had migraine-type headache and 97 had tension-type headache.

Results: Headache triggered by computer use was more common in the migraine-type headache group.

Mild hypotonia and recurrent seizures in an 8-month-old boy: Questions.

Hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder which manifests in early infancy with generalized seizures, other symptoms of neuromuscular irritability, and growth disturbances. Homozygous mutations in the magnesium transporter gene, transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (TRPM6), cause the disease. Here, we present an 8-month-old Turkish boy with a novel mutation of TRPM6.

Effects of antiepileptic drugs on dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis in children with idiopathic epilepsy.

Purpose: Anti-epileptic drugs have been widely used in children with epilepsy. Although several studies have investigated the role of oxidative stress and the effects of antiepileptic drugs on several oxidative markers in epilepsy, adequate information is not available on this issue. This study aimed to investigate the changes in thiol disulphide homeostasis in children with epilepsy under two commonly prescribed AED monotherapies, carbamazepine and valproic acid.