Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of flavonol-3-O-β-D-glycoside as a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CLpro) in drug development for COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic began in March 2020 and has affected many countries and infected over a million people. It has had a serious impact on people's physical and mental health, daily life and the global economy. Today, many drugs show limited efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19 and studies to develop effective drugs continue.

Characterization of resistance genes and replicon typing in Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains.

Objective: In our study, K. pneumoniae strains (non-susceptible to carbapenem) (n = 60) were obtained from various clinical samples from Rize State Hospital between 2015 and 2017 and it is aimed to identify antibiotic resistance genes and replicon typing.

Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility tests of the strains were performed with Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test and the Vitek-2 automated system (BioMerieux, France).

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia outbreak originating from a pull-out faucet in a pediatric intensive care unit in Turkey: Insights from clinical records and molecular typing.

Background: Nosocomial Stenotrophomonas maltophilia-related cases are rising and pose a threat to immunocompromised patients. Twelve patients from our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) presented with S maltophilia-associated bloodstream infection.

Methods: This outbreak investigation includes 12 patients from PICU between the ages of 2 months and 4 years (mean 16 months, 7 male).

Comparison of a novel antigen detection test with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Molecular diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in respiratory specimens is considered the gold standard method. This method is highly sensitive and specific but it has some limitations such as being expensive and requiring special laboratory equipment and skilled personnel. RapidFor™ Antigen Rapid Test Kit is a commercially available Ag-RDT which is produced in Turkey and designed to detect the nucleocapsid antigen of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab samples.

Molecular epidemiological analysis of integron gene cassettes and tetA/tetB/tetD gene associations in Escherichia coli strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) in urine cultures.

Background: Epidemiological studies of tetracycline (TE) resistance genes and integron gene cassettes, particularly in urine samples, are limited in Turkey.

Objectives: To investigate antibiotic susceptibility profiles, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positivity, tet gene types, class-I/-II integron gene cassettes, and clonal relationships among tet-resistant isolates of Escherichia coli from urine cultures of outpatients.

Material And Methods: Isolates were identified using conventional methods and the automated Vitek® 2 Compact system.

Determination of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from Turkish patients with urinary tract infection.

Introduction: : Escherichia coli ranks among the most common sources of urinary tract infections (UTI).

Methods: Between November 2015 and August 2016, 90 isolates of E. coli were isolated from patients at Rize Education and Research Hospital in Turkey.

Absence of the mecC gene in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various clinical samples: The first multi-centered study in Turkey.

Background: mecA is a predefined gene causing methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolates; however, it has been shown that some methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains do not carry this gene.

Effect of mazEF, higBA and relBE toxin-antitoxin systems on antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus isolates.

Background: A toxin-antitoxin (TA) system is a set of two or more closely linked genes that are encoded as a poison and a corresponding antidote on a protein. In typical bacterial physiology, an antitoxin binds to a toxin and neutralizes it, which prevents the bacterium from killing itself. We aimed to determine whether and isolates have TA genes and to investigate whether there is a relationship between the expression levels of TA genes and resistance to antibiotics.

High prevalence of NDM metallo-β-lactamase among ESBL-producing Escherichia coli İsolates.

Resistance to β-lactams in Enterobacteriaceae has been increasing worldwide. This study aimed to determine the frequency of β-lactamase genes and antibiotic resistance rates of 140 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates obtained from urinary tract infection in Ordu Province, Turkey. Isolates were identified by classic methods and by automated system.

Kinetic characterization of GES-22 β-lactamase harboring the M169L clinical mutation.

The class A β-lactamase GES-22 has been identified in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in Turkey, and subsequently shown to differ from GES-11 by a single substitution (M169L). Because M169 is part of the omega loop, a structure that is known to have major effects on substrate selectivity in class A β-lactamases, we expressed, purified and kinetically characterized this novel variant. Our results show that compared with GES-11, GES-22 displays more efficient hydrolysis of penicillins, and aztreonam, but a loss of efficiency against ceftazidime.

Comparison of Verona Integron-Borne Metallo-β-Lactamase (VIM) Variants Reveals Differences in Stability and Inhibition Profiles.

Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are of increasing clinical significance; the development of clinically useful MBL inhibitors is challenged by the rapid evolution of variant MBLs. The Verona integron-borne metallo-β-lactamase (VIM) enzymes are among the most widely distributed MBLs, with >40 VIM variants having been reported. We report on the crystallographic analysis of VIM-5 and comparison of biochemical and biophysical properties of VIM-1, VIM-2, VIM-4, VIM-5, and VIM-38.

Clinical potential of resistin as a novel prognostic biomarker for cellulitis.

Cellulitis is an acute, subacute or chronic inflammation of the dermis and subdermal tissues, which is typically caused by bacteria, although other causes are possible. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between resistin levels and the recovery time of patients with cellulitis. In addition, the effect of resistin and insulin resistance on the prognosis of cellulitis was investigated.

Molecular characterisation and control of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates resistant to multi-drugs emerging in inter-intensive care units.

Background: A nosocomial outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) infections occurred among intensive care units (ICU) (surgery, medical, cardiovascular surgery, coronary unit) of Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Medical School (Rize, Turkey) between January 2011 and May 2012. The identification of isolates and clonal relation among them were investigated by molecular techniques.

Methods: A total of 109 AB isolates were obtained from 64 clinical materials from 54 ICU patients and 3 from the hands of healthcare workers (HCWs) of 42 environmental samples.

Taenia infestation in the appendix: a case report.

Taenia saginata is a zoonotic cestode causing taeniasis. Taeniasis refers to the intestinal infection with the adult stage of this tapeworm. An association between teaniasis and acute appendicitis is uncommon.

Characterization of novel VIM carbapenemase, VIM-38, and first detection of GES-5 carbapenem-hydrolyzing β-lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Turkey.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were collected form a Turkish hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the Vitek 2 Compact system, and 24 isolates were categorized as multidrug resistant (n = 18), extensively-drug resistant (n = 5), or pan-drug resistant (n = 1). PCR and DNA sequence analysis revealed that 1 strain possessed the blaGES-5 and another carried a novel blaVIM variant, named VIM-38.

[Ascaris lumbricoides in the nasogastric tube after operation on a patient with the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia: case report].

Ascaris lumbricoides is a comman intestinal helminths in humans. It is a parasite which commonly affects society with a low socioeconomic status, especially in tropical and rural areas. Ascaris lumbricoides infestation can lead to serious complications because of the mobility of the worms.

Does prolidase indicate worsening of hepatitis B infection?

Background: Hepatitis B infection is a health problem that affects more than 400 million people all over the world. We aimed to evaluate the usability of prolidase enzyme that plays an important role in collagen synthesis. Prolidase levels increase in hepatic damage, which can be used as diagnostic parameters in the progressions to chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection by evaluating it in different clinical forms of hepatitis B infection.

Determination of a novel integron-located variant (blaOXA -320 ) of Class D β-lactamase in Proteus mirabilis.

Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) is one of Gram-negative pathogens encountered in clinical specimens. A clinical isolate (TRP41) of P.

Detection of class 1 integron in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates collected from nine hospitals in Turkey.

Objective: To investigate the antibiotic resistance genes inserted into class 1 and class 2 integrons in Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) isolates obtained from nine different cities in Turkey.

Methods: A collection of 281 A.

A single clone Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak in a state hospital in Turkey.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important pathogen in hospitalized patients, particularly those in the intensive care unit (ICU). A total of 21 A. baumannii (6 from 5 patients and 15 from environmental samples) were isolated in the ICU and the isolation room of a state hospital in June 2011.

The effects of Gilbert's syndrome on the mean platelet volume and other hematological parameters.

The protective effect of increased levels of indirect bilirubin on atherosclerotic heart disease in patients of Gilbert's syndrome is well known. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of increased levels of bilirubin on the mean platelet volume (MPV) and other hematological parameters. Thirty-two men and 36 women (a total of 68 Gilbert's syndrome patients) and a similar age group of 68 healthy individuals (32 men and 36 women) were included in the study.

Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from clinical specimens of patients with nosocomial infection: are there unnoticed silent outbreaks?

Bacteriological and epidemiological studies were carried out on 90 isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at Turgut Ozal Medical Center of Inönü University, (Malatya/Turkey). MRSA isolates were obtained from patients with nosocomial infections. Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates were collected between May 2004-May 2005.

Postoperative Chryseobacterium indologenes bloodstream infection caused by contamination of distillate water.

Chryseobacterium indologenes was isolated from blood samples from a 5-month-old infant with bloodstream infection. Environmental sampling was performed. Molecular typing with arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction demonstrated the cross-contamination of commercial distillate water.