Repeated Sprint Variations According to Circadian Rhythm at Different Menstrual Cycle Phases.

This study assessed the repeated sprint performance in relation to circadian rhythm during different menstrual cycle phases (MCP). Twelve volunteer eumenorrheic women team sport athletes performed 5×6-s cycling sprints in morning (9 am to 10 am) and evening (6 pm to 7 pm) sessions during the mid-follicular (FP, 6-10 d) and luteal phases (LP, 19-24 d). Body weight, oral body temperature, resting heart rate and lactate levels together with estradiol, progesterone and cortisol levels were determined before tests.

Energy System Contributions in Repeated Sprint Tests: Protocol and Sex Comparison.

The aim of this study was to investigate the energy system contributions to different repeated sprint protocols and also to determine sex-related differences in these contributions. Sixteen men and fourteen women team sport athletes randomly performed two cycling repeated sprint protocols with the same total duration (10 x 6 s and 6 x 10 s). Relative peak power (RPP), relative mean power (RMP), performance decrement (PD), oxygen uptake (VO), blood lactate (LA), heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs) were measured.

Whole and segmental body composition changes during mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in recreationally active young women.

Background: Changes in oestradiol and progesterone hormones and associated fluid retention during the menstrual cycle phases might affect body composition (BC) in women.

Aim: The main objectives of this study were to determine the changes in whole and segmental BC by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) during the mid-follicular (MFP) and mid-luteal (MLP) phases.

Subjects And Methods: Thirty recreationally active young women participated in this study.

Short-term effects of on-field combined core strength and small-sided games training on physical performance in young soccer players.

This study aimed to compare the effects of 6-weeks combined core strength and small-sided games training (SSG) vs. small-sided games (SSG) training on the physical performance of young soccer players. Thirty-eight amateur soccer players (age: 16.

The Contribution of Energy Systems in Repeated-Sprint Protocols: The Effect of Distance, Rest, and Repetition.

This study aims to investigate the effects of rest intervals, sprint distance, and number of repetitions on performance variables, physiological responses, and energy system contributions in repeated-sprint protocols when total distance variable was the controlled (300 m). Sixteen male soccer players participated in this study. The four protocols, each totaling a distance of 300 m, consisted of the combination of 15 and 30 m sprints with 30 s rest intervals (15meters30sec and 30meters30sec, respectively) and 1:5 work-rest ratios (15meters12sec and 30meters22sec, respectively).

Effects of beta-blockers on archery performance, body sway and aiming behaviour.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of selective (bisoprolol-5 mg) and non-selective (propranolol-40 mg) beta-blockers on archery performance, body sway and aiming behaviour.

Methods: Fifteen male archers participated in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study and competed four times (control, placebo, selective (bisoprolol) and non-selective (propranolol) beta-blocker trials). Mechanical data related to the changes in the centre of pressure during body sway and aim point fluctuation and when shooting was collected.

Effect of trunk-muscle fatigue and lactic acid accumulation on balance in healthy subjects.

Objective: This study sought to determine the effects of trunk-muscle fatigue and blood lactic acid elevation on static and dynamic balance.

Intervention: Fatigue was induced by an isokinetic protocol, and static and dynamic balance were assessed during bilateral stance using a Kinesthetic Ability Trainer. Subjects participated in a fatigue protocol in which continuous concentric movements at 60 degrees/s were performed until the torque output for both trunk flexion and extension dropped below 25% of the calculated peak torque for 3 consecutive movements.

Physical activity levels and patterns of 11-14 year-old Turkish adolescents.

This study examined age and gender differences in physical activity levels and various physical activity patterns of 11-14-year-old Turkish adolescents and also determined if these differ between genders. Six hundred and fifty girls and 666 boys between the ages of 11 and 14 years constituted the sample of this study. Participants self-reported physical activity levels and patterns were determined by a Weekly Activity Checklist.

The reliability and validity of regulating exercise intensity by ratings of perceived exertion in step dance sessions.

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of regulating exercise intensity by ratings of perceived exertion in step dance sessions. Ten male college-aged students voluntarily participated in 2 step dance sessions for 45 minutes at 70-80% of their heart rate (HR) reserves with a 1-week interval between sessions. The step dance sessions included the same choreography with 10 minutes of warm-up, 25 minutes of the main part, 5 minutes of calisthenics for legs and abdomen, and 5 minutes of cool-down.

Effect of step aerobics training on anaerobic performance of men and women.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 10 weeks of step aerobics training on anaerobic performance of men and women. College-age volunteers (64 women and 54 men) were divided into step aerobics (33 women, 27 men) and control (31 women, 27 men) groups. Before and after the 10-week period, the subjects' body composition, muscular strength, Wingate anaerobic performance, and vertical jump anaerobic performance were determined.

Hemodynamic and lactic Acid responses to proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise.

The hemodynamic and metabolic responses to proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) exercise were examined in 32 male university students (aged 19-28 years). Ten repetitions of PNF exercises were applied to the subjects' dominant upper extremities in the following order: as an agonist pattern flexion, adduction and external rotation; and as an antagonist pattern extension, abduction and internal rotation. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), double product (DP), and blood lactate concentration (La) were determined before, immediately after, and at 1(st), 3(rd), and 5(th) minutes after PNF exercise.