Publications by authors named "Ayoub N"

Periductal mastitis (PM) is a form of nonlactational mastitis. The clinical picture varies from mild periareolar inflammation to frank retroareolar abscess formation. A huge amount of literature is incriminating cigarette smoking as a major contributing factor to the etiology of PM, and cessation of smoking is essential for a successful treatment.

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Background: We developed and assessed the performance of a machine learning model (MLM) to identify, classify, and segment sinonasal masses based on endoscopic appearance.

Methods: A convolutional neural network-based model was constructed from nasal endoscopy images from patients evaluated at an otolaryngology center between 2013 and 2024. Images were classified into four groups: normal endoscopy, nasal polyps, benign, and malignant tumors.

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Purpose: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Exploring new prognostic and therapeutic targets in patients with breast cancer is essential. This study investigated the expression of MET, ESR1, and ESR2 genes and their association with clinicopathologic characteristics and clinical outcomes in patients with breast cancer.

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Breast-related herniation (BRH) is a vague term for many clinicians. The absence of a universal nomenclature and the different nature of the herniation process involved, being true or false, contribute to this vagueness. BRH includes a spectrum of disorders ranging from a few congenital breast disorders to commoner herniation processes related to acquired breast diseases.

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The objective of the study was to show the clinical performance and cost-effectiveness of a Silicone foam dressing with 3DFit™ Technology compared to current standard of care. This was an open-labelled, two-arm, randomised controlled multicentre study conducted from February to December 2023. One hundred and two participants with an exuding, non-infected and chronic ulcer were randomised in a 1:1 fashion and treated with either a Silicone foam with 3DFit™ Technology or standard of care (a filler combined with a secondary dressing), stratified by venous leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers.

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This report synthesizes the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) Task Force's guidance on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS). A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on the applications, benefits, and challenges of AI in OHNS, alongside ethical, legal, and social implications. The Task Force, formulated by otolaryngologist experts in AI, used an iterative approach, adapted from the Delphi method, to prioritize topics for inclusion and to reach a consensus on guiding principles.

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Surgical intervention utilizing various approaches is a cornerstone in the management of breast cancer. The surgical approaches include lumpectomy, mastectomy, axillary lymph node dissection, and primary or delayed reconstruction. Post-mastectomy radiotherapy is frequently recommended in cases of advanced tumors and extensive lymph node involvement.

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Article Synopsis
  • DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) cause local silencing of transcription, prompting the question of why RNA processing factors (RPFs) are quickly drawn to these areas.
  • Recent research indicates that DSBs gather in a specific chromatin area known as the 'D compartment', where genes involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) are activated.
  • Two models are suggested for the RPFs' recruitment: they either facilitate processing of the relocated DDR gene transcripts, or the D compartment affects RPF activity through post-translational modifications, generating specialized transcripts critical for managing the DDR.
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Objective: To assess growth parameters in adolescents and children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and the factors influencing their growth.

Methods: The case-control study was conducted from February to December 2020 at the Endocrine Outpatient Clinic of the Central Child Teaching Hospital of Paediatrics, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised patients aged 2-16 years who had type 1 diabetes for at least a year. The patients formed group A, while healthy controls matched for age and gender from different schools and kindergartens formed group B.

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Geraniol is an important component in essential oils of aromatic plants such as lemongrass, rosa grass, and many others. It can be converted to different high-value products by using microbes/enzymes. The present study aims at the isolation and screening of microbes showing efficient production of geranic acid (a high-value product) from geraniol (a low-value monoterpene).

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Article Synopsis
  • The study focuses on the need for new prognostic markers and treatment targets in the diverse landscape of breast cancer, using the METABRIC dataset to analyze gene expression.
  • It found that higher levels of PD-L1 and MET genes are linked to poorer tumor characteristics and are more prevalent in certain aggressive breast cancer subtypes.
  • The research suggests that targeting both PD-L1 and MET may be beneficial, especially for patients with tumors showing high levels of these proteins, even though their expression did not directly correlate with overall survival rates.
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Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to global health, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic agents with unique mechanisms of action. Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), an essential enzyme in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis, is a promising target for the discovery of new antimicrobial agents. High-throughput screening studies have previously identified several urea-based leads as potential inhibitors, although many of these are characterised by reduced chemical stability.

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Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of isolated orbital floor fractures, while cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an alternative. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of CT and CBCT for isolated orbital floor fractures. Forty-eight isolated orbital floor fractures were systematically induced in cadaver orbits.

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Article Synopsis
  • Angiogenesis inhibitors targeting VEGF have shown limited success in treating breast cancer, prompting the need to investigate other angiogenic pathways and their role in disease progression.
  • This study analyzed the expression of eight key pro-angiogenic genes from a large dataset to understand their associations with clinical features, which may help identify patients at risk for aggressive cancer and inform treatment strategies.
  • Key findings include high expression levels of VEGFA and ANGPT2, with certain gene expressions correlating negatively with patient age and tumor characteristics, suggesting potential new targets and prognostic indicators for breast cancer therapy.
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Objectives: To investigate potential demographic bias in artificial intelligence (AI)-based simulations of otolaryngology, residency selection committee (RSC) members tasked with selecting one applicant among candidates with varied racial, gender, and sexual orientations.

Methods: This study employed random sampling of simulated RSC member decisions using a novel Application Programming Interface (API) to virtually connect to OpenAI's Generative Pre-Trained Transformers (GPT-4 and GPT-4o). Simulated RSC members with diverse demographics were tasked with ranking to match 1 applicant among 10 with varied racial, gender, and sexual orientations.

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Objective: Managing the gap between the dressing and the wound bed can facilitate the healing of exuding wounds. A silicone foam dressing (Biatain Silicone; Coloplast A/S, Denmark) was developed for application to exuding wounds. A sub-analysis of the real-world, prospective, observational VIPES (Observatoire en Ville des Plaies ExSudatives) study was conducted to investigate the use and performance of the silicone foam dressing in a community nursing setting in France.

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Microbial ion-pumping rhodopsins (MRs) are extensively studied retinal-binding membrane proteins. However, their biogenesis, including oligomerisation and retinal incorporation, remains poorly understood. The bacterial green-light absorbing proton pump proteorhodopsin (GPR) has emerged as a model protein for MRs and is used here to address these open questions using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

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Despite the great advances in discovering cyclic peptides against protein targets, their reduced aqueous solubility, cell permeability, and activity of the cyclic peptide restrict its utilization in advanced biological research and therapeutic applications. Here we report on a novel approach of structural alternation of the exocyclic and linker parts that led to a new derivative with significantly improved cell activity allowing us to dissect its mode of action in detail. We have identified an effective cyclic peptide (CP7) that induces approximately a 9-fold increase in DNA damage accumulation and a remarkable increase in apoptotic cancer cell death compared to the reported molecule.

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Phytochemicals, plant-derived compounds, are the major components of traditional medicinal plants. Some phytochemicals have restricted applications, due to low bioavailability and less efficacy. However, their medicinal properties can be enhanced by converting them into value-added products for different bioactivities like anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, anti-obesity, anti-neuroinflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory.

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The splicing factor RNA-binding motif protein 10 (RBM10) is frequently mutated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) (9-25%). Most RBM10 cancer mutations are loss-of-function, correlating with increased tumorigenesis and limiting the efficacy of current LUAD targeted therapies. Remarkably, therapeutic strategies leveraging RBM10 deficiency remain unexplored.

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Penetrating orbital trauma from marine creatures, especially needlefish, should be considered after injuries sustained in open water. Advances in endoscopic sinus surgery have enabled surgeons to remove certain orbital foreign bodies through endoscopic endonasal approaches. 3D segmentation is a valuable pre-operative tool in complex endoscopic orbital cases.

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Before extending the range of services provided, maximizing the usefulness of current procedures within community pharmacy settings is needed, as the scope of pharmacy services is evolving in different dimensions. The present study aims to assess the degree of factors affecting the satisfaction of traditional community pharmacy services using population data collected from patients attending academic and public healthcare centers in Jordan. A validated, pretested, and adapted survey instrument has been utilized to assess the satisfaction of contemporary services delivered by community pharmacists in different dimensions.

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Ambu® aScope™ is a disposable flexible videoscope used for a wide range of medical procedures. However, adverse events associated with this device can occur. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database was explored for patient-related adverse events associated with Ambu® aScope™ use between January 1, 2000 and December 15, 2023.

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Objective: To evaluate the use and performance of a gelling fibre dressing (Biatain Fiber; Coloplast A/S, Denmark) in the management of wounds in community nursing practice.

Method: A sub-analysis of the prospective, observational, real-world VIPES (Observatoire en Ville des Plaies ExSudatives) study was conducted. Patients with exuding wounds, for which nurses chose to apply the gelling fibre as a primary dressing, were included.

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