A hybrid statistical decision-making optimization approach for groundwater vulnerability considering uncertainty.

Recognizing the vulnerable areas for contamination is a feasible way to protect groundwater resources. The main contribution of the paper is developing a hybrid statistical decision-making model for evaluating the vulnerability of Shiraz aquifer, southern Iran, with modified DRASTIC (depth to the water table, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of the vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity) by using the genetic algorithm (GA), the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method, and factorial analysis (FA). First, considering the variation of the uncertain parameters, 32 scenarios were defined to perform factorial analysis.

Development and application of novel high throughput metal waste chips and foam electrodes for electrocoagulation treatment of graywater.

In this study, novel high throughput metal waste chips and foam electrodes were developed for the electrocoagulation of graywater for the first time. The developed electrodes were then compared with traditional metal plate electrodes, which showed higher efficiency of developed electrodes. The effective parameters of pH, electrode distance, applied voltage, and reaction time on COD removal were optimized using RSM as a multivariate optimization technique, and the data were analyzed by ANOVA, normal plot, residual distribution, and 3D plots.

Water treatment by forward osmosis using novel D-Xylose coated magnetic nanoparticles as draw agent.

In this study, D-Xylose coated MNPs were synthesized and used as draw agent in forward osmosis (FO) process for water purification. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized for the design and optimization of synthesis parameters. In order to characterize the synthesized MNPs, FTIR, TEM, VSM, and UV characterization techniques were performed.

A novel method for optimization of slit Venturi dimensions through CFD simulation and RSM design.

This research presents a novel comprehensive method for optimizing the design of cavitating slit Venturi for a given cavitation intensity. This method is applicable to any cavitation number and can be used to provide the Venturi geometry that is suitable for a specific application. In this paper, cavitating Venturi design process is represented in seven steps.

Desalination of brackish water by gelatin-coated magnetite nanoparticles as a novel draw solute in forward osmosis process.

This paper presents the optimization of synthesis of gelatin-coated magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and their application as a draw solute in forward osmosis (FO) process. root extract is used as the gelatin crosslinker, and its efficiency is compared with glutaraldehyde as a common crosslinker. Also, the impact of the concentration of gelatin and the draw solution on the osmotic pressure of the produced draw solution has been investigated using response surface methodology.

Optimization of Ni(II) adsorption onto Cloisite Na clay using response surface methodology.

The aim of this study was to investigate the adsorption of Ni(II) from aqueous solutions onto Cloisite Na clay. The effects of the initial concentration of Ni(II), adsorbent dose, pH, and temperature on adsorption capacity were studied using response surface methodology. A second-order regression model was determined based on the experimental results.

Application of molasses as draw solution in forward osmosis desalination for fertigation purposes.

Certain challenges exist in forward osmosis (FO) separation technique that has to be studied yet such as a selection of a proper draw solution (DS) to supply the required driving force for separation. In this work, the performance of molasses DS in terms of water flux ( ) was evaluated using a commercial FO membrane. Deionized water (DIW), an oilfield brackish wastewater (BWW) and seawater (SW) were used as three different feed solutions (FS).

Green synthesis and optimization of nano-magnetite using Persicaria bistorta root extract and its application for rosewater distillation wastewater treatment.

The aim of this research is to synthesize magnetite nanoparticles, using Persicaria bistorta root extract as the reducing agent, and to test its adsorption properties in the treatment of rosewater distillation wastewater. Taking advantage of Taguchi method, effect of synthesis parameters, including molar concentration of FeCl, concentration of plant extract, temperature, and pH on crystallite size and magnetization strength is studied. Based on the successful synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles and characterization experiments, Persicaria bistorta root extract can be considered as a proper alternative as the reducing agent.

Comparison of photo-Fenton, O/HO/UV and photocatalytic processes for the treatment of gray water.

This research was carried out to compare and optimize the gray water treatment performance by the photo-Fenton, photocatalysis and ozone/HO/UV processes. Experimental design and optimization were carried out using Central Composite Design of Response Surface Methodology. The results of experiments showed that the most effective and influencing factors in photo-Fenton process were HO/Fe ratio, in ozone/HO/UV experiment were O concentration, HO concentration, reaction time and pH and in photocatalytic process were TiO concentration, pH and reaction time.

Optimization of toluene removal over W-doped TiO nano-photocatalyst under visible light irradiation.

This study outlines the optimization of photocatalytic degradation of toluene by W-doped TiO nanoparticles under visible light irradiation. Experiments were carried out based on the central composite design (CCD) methodology. W-TiO nanoparticles were synthesized with various tungsten contents at different calcination temperatures by the sol-gel method.