Primary Staphylococcal Lung Abscess: A Rare Situation in Infants.

Primary pulmonary abscess is a rare but serious localized bacterial infection of the lung parenchyma, occurring without prior lung conditions like bronchiectasis or necrotizing pneumonia. We report the case of an 11-month-old child with a 22-day history of productive cough and fever, unresponsive to initial antibiotics. Clinical examination showed a stable, eupneic child with mild fever and reduced oxygen saturation.

Personal Mastery Attenuates the Association between Greater Perceived Discrimination and Lower Amygdala and Anterior Hippocampal Volume in a Diverse Sample of Older Adults.

There is limited research investigating whether perceived discrimination influences brain structures that subserve episodic memory, namely the hippocampus and amygdala. Our rationale for examining these regions build on their known sensitivity to stress and functional differences along the long-axis of the hippocampus, with the anterior hippocampus and amygdala implicated in emotional and stress regulation. We defined perceived discrimination as the unfair treatment of one group by a dominant social group without the agency to respond to the event.

Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Modulation Normalizes Expression of Olig2 in Rostrally Patterned NPCs With Trisomy 21.

The intellectual disability found in people with Down syndrome is associated with numerous changes in early brain development, including the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and the formation and maintenance of myelin in the brain. To study how early neural precursors are affected by trisomy 21, we differentiated two isogenic lines of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from people with Down syndrome into brain-like and spinal cord-like NPCs and promoted a transition towards oligodendroglial fate by activating the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway. In the spinal cord-like trisomic cells, we found no difference in expression of OLIG2 or NKX2.