Association between acromion morphological parameters and rotator cuff tears in Somali population-a three-dimensional computed tomographic study.

Background: Previous research has established connections between the acromion index (AI), critical shoulder angle (CSA), acromiohumeral distance (AHD), and lateral acromion angle (LAA) with the incidence of rotator cuff tears (RCTs). Despite numerous international studies exploring the variability of shoulder joint morphology and parameters, research incorporating these parameters has yet to be conducted in Somalia. This study aims to analyze and describe the radiological parameters of acromion morphology in the Somali populations.

A unique compound ameliorating endoplasmic reticulum stress and insulin resistance by binding to β tubulin.

Insulin is secreted by the pancreatic β-cells and regulates glucose uptake. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is known to induce insulin resistance. Identifying novel compounds, which can ameliorate ER stress and insulin resistance may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes.

The Role of Virtual Reality in Advancing Surgical Training in Otolaryngology: A Systematic Review.

Technological advancements have rapidly transformed medical education and surgical training, with virtual reality (VR) emerging as a valuable tool. VR offers immersive and interactive environments, enhancing the development of surgical skills without the risks that come with conventional training methods. In this review, we conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), considering all relevant publications up to June 30, 2024.

Impact forces in backward falls: Subject-specific video-based rigid body simulation of backward falls.

A critical missing component in the study of real-world falls is the ability to accurately determine impact forces resulting from the fall. Subject-specific rigid body dynamic (RBD) models calibrated to video captured falls can quantify impact forces and provide additional insights into injury risk factors. RBD models were developed based on five backward falls captured on surveillance video in long-term care facilities in British Columbia, Canada.

Comparing Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Mortality Between Liposomal Amphotericin B and Voriconazole in Patients With Hematological Malignancy or Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Objectives We evaluated liposomal amphotericin B versus voriconazole for the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in patients with hematological malignancy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods This retrospective cohort, single-center study included patients with compatible radiological diagnosis of IPA between 2016 and 2021. Results Forty-six patients with hematological malignancy or HSCT were diagnosed with IPA.

molecular docking, dynamics simulation and repurposing of some VEGFR-2 inhibitors based on the SARS-CoV-2-main-protease inhibitor N3.

The global and rapid spread of the novel human coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has brought immediate urgency to the discovery of favorable targets for COVID-19 treatment. Here, we consider drug reuse as an attractive methodology for drug discovery by reusing existing drugs to treat diseases other than their initial indications. Here, we review current information concerning the global health issue of COVID-19 including VEGFR-2 inhibitors.

Bioinspired computational design of lankacidin derivatives for improvement in antitumor activity.

The 17-membered polyketide, lankacidin C, exhibits considerable antitumor activity as a microtubule stabilizer by binding to the paclitaxel binding site. Esterification of the C-7/C-13 hydroxyl in lankacidin C was performed with acetyl, cinnamoyl and hydrocinnamoyl groups and their antitumor activity was assessed to improve the cytotoxicity of lankacidins through bioinspired computational design. Compared with the cytotoxicity of parent lankacidin C against the HeLa cell line, 13--cinnamoyl-lankacidin C demonstrated sevenfold higher cytotoxicity.

Unruptured bilateral supra-clinoid internal carotid artery aneurysms: A case report.

Unruptured supra-clinoid carotid aneurysms are rare aneurysmal dilatation of the supra-clinoid segment of internal carotid artery. Most cases are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally, while others may present with compressive symptoms on cranial nerve II, the optic nerve. We present a case of a 44-year-old female who presented with chronic headache and gradual decreased visual acuity.

Chemoenzymatic synthesis, computational investigation, and antitumor activity of monocyclic lankacidin derivatives.

We investigated the importance of the δ-lactone ring (C1-C5) in lankacidin C using chemoenzymatic synthesis and computational prediction and assessing biological activity, including antitumor activity. Pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent dehydrogenase (Orf23) in Streptomyces rochei was used in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of lankacyclinone C, a novel lankacidin C congener lacking the δ-lactone moiety. Orf23 could convert the monocyclic lankacidinol derivatives, lankacyclinol and 2-epi-lankacyclinol, to the C-24 keto compounds, lankacyclinone C and 2-epi-lankacyclinone C, respectively, elucidating the relaxed substrate specificity of Orf23.

High speed, complex wavefront shaping using the digital micro-mirror device.

Digital micro-mirror devices (DMDs) have been deployed in many optical applications. As compared to spatial light modulators (SLMs), they are characterized by their much faster refresh rates (full-frame refresh rates up to 32 kHz for binary patterns) compared to 120 Hz for most liquid crystal SLMs. DMDs however can only display binary, unipolar patterns and utilize temporal modulation to represent with excellent accuracy multiple gray-levels in display applications.

Molecular dynamics simulation dataset of a microtubule ring in electric field.

We present molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories of a single ring of B-lattice microtubule ring consisting of 13 tubulin heterodimers. The data contain trajectories of this molecular system ran under various conditions (two temperature values, three ionic strength values, three values of electric field (including no field), and four electric field orientations). Our data enable us to analyze the effects of the electric field on microtubule under a variety of conditions.

Intrahepatic gallbladder mimicking a cystic liver lesion: A case report & literature review.

Intrahepatic gallbladder is a rare congenital variant that occurs due to migration arrest of the gallbladder from reaching its normal position. We present a case of a 60year-old gentleman presenting with chronic abdominal pain and impaired liver enzymes. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a hepatic cystic lesion which later was identified as an ectopic gallbladder within the liver parenchyma through magnetic resonance imaging study of the liver.

Electro-opening of a microtubule lattice in silico.

Modulation of the structure and function of biomaterials is essential for advancing bio-nanotechnology and biomedicine. Microtubules (MTs) are self-assembled protein polymers that are essential for fundamental cellular processes and key model compounds for the design of active bio-nanomaterials. In this study, a 0.

3D reconstruction of weakly scattering objects from 2D intensity-only measurements using the Wolf transform.

A new approach to optical diffraction tomography (ODT) based on intensity measurements is presented. By applying the Wolf transform directly to intensity measurements, we observed unexpected behavior in the 3D reconstruction of the sample. Such a reconstruction does not explicitly represent a quantitative measure of the refractive index of the sample; however, it contains interesting qualitative information.

Fluorescence-Based and Fluorescent Label-Free Characterization of Polymer Nanoparticle Decorated T Cells.

Cells are attractive carriers for the transport and delivery of nanoparticulate cargo. The use of cell-based carriers allows one to enhance control over the biodistribution of drug-loaded polymers and polymer nanoparticles. One key element in the development of cell-based delivery systems is the loading of the cell-based carrier with the nanoparticle cargo, which can be achieved either by internalization of the payload or by immobilization on the cell surface.

Accurate and efficient leap-frog beam propagation method for modeling micro and nanophotonic structures.

In this paper, a novel and efficient approach for solving the beam propagation method (BPM) governing equation is proposed. The approach is based on the reformulation of the beam propagation equation to solve real system matrices only at each propagation step. The reformulated equation utilizes a leap-frog (LF) technique to couple the real and imaginary components of the field in an iterative scheme.

High-fidelity optical diffraction tomography of multiple scattering samples.

We propose an iterative reconstruction scheme for optical diffraction tomography that exploits the split-step non-paraxial (SSNP) method as the forward model in a learning tomography scheme. Compared with the beam propagation method (BPM) previously used in learning tomography (LT-BPM), the improved accuracy of SSNP maximizes the information retrieved from measurements, relying less on prior assumptions about the sample. A rigorous evaluation of learning tomography based on SSNP (LT-SSNP) using both synthetic and experimental measurements confirms its superior performance compared with that of the LT-BPM.

One Step Fabrication of Highly Absorptive and Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Silver Nano-trees on Silicon Substrate.

Silver Nano-trees (AgNTs) were synthesized by one-step electroless method with different densities via water or ethylene glycol (EG) on silicon substrate in one minute. The density of AgNTs is controlled by changing the concentration of silver nitrate in etchant solution. The absorption of NTs fabricated via EG is higher than absorption of NTs without EG.

Computational Prediction of the Mode of Binding of Antitumor Lankacidin C to Tubulin.

Lankacidin C, which is an antibiotic produced by the organism , shows considerable antitumor activity. The mechanism of its antitumor activity remained elusive for decades until it was recently shown to overstabilize microtubules by binding at the taxol binding site of tubulin, causing mitotic arrest followed by apoptosis. However, the exact binding mode of lankacidin C inside the tubulin binding pocket remains unknown, an issue that impedes proper structure-based design, modification, and optimization of the drug.

Tubulin response to intense nanosecond-scale electric field in molecular dynamics simulation.

Intense pulsed electric fields are known to act at the cell membrane level and are already being exploited in biomedical and biotechnological applications. However, it is not clear if electric pulses within biomedically-attainable parameters could directly influence intra-cellular components such as cytoskeletal proteins. If so, a molecular mechanism of action could be uncovered for therapeutic applications of such electric fields.

Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for simultaneous extraction and determination of 6-mercaptopurine and its active metabolite thioguanine in human plasma.

Cytotoxic drugs used in cancer chemotherapy require the continuous monitoring of their plasma concentration levels for dose adjustment purposes. Such condition necessitates the presence of a sensitive technique for accurate extraction and determination of these drugs together with their active metabolites. In this study a novel solid phase extraction technique using magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (MMI-SPE) is combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to extract and determine the anti-leukemic agent; 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and its active metabolite thioguanine (TG) in human plasma.

Computer-aided design of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for solid-phase extraction and determination of levetiracetam in human plasma.

Analytical methods should be accurate and specific to measure plasma drug concentration. Nevertheless, current sample preparation techniques suffer from limitations, including matrix interference and intensive sample preparation. In this study, a novel technique was proposed for the synthesis of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) on magnetic FeO nanoparticles (NPs) with uniform core-shell structure.