Mixture effects of trace element levels on cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes risk in adults using G-computation analysis.

There is an increasing concern about the health effects of exposure to a mixture of pollutants. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between serum levels of heavy/essential metals ([Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), and Zinc (Zn)]) and the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Data were collected from 450 participants (150 with CVDs, 150 with T2D, and 150 healthy subjects) randomly selected from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort in Western Iran, covering the years 2018-2023.

Bi/SnO/TiO-graphene nanocomposite photocatalyst for solar visible light-induced photodegradation of pentachlorophenol.

In this study, for the first time, a TiO/graphene (G) heterostructure was synthesized and doped by Bi and SnO nanoparticles through a hydrothermal treatment. The as-synthesized nanocomposite was employed for photocatalytic degradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) under visible light irradiation. Structural characterizations such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) proved the valence band alignment at Bi/SnO/TiO-G interfaces and crystallinity of the nanocomposite, respectively.