Amylase-Polygalacturonase Production Using Lignocellulosic Biomass and Application in Juice Processing.

Background: The search for sources of industrial biocatalysts, which are non-pathogenic and can utilise cheap nutrient sources, has been a continuous endeavour in the ~ 7 billion USD enzyme industry. , an endophytic fungal entomopathogen, is non-pathogenic and possesses the potential to secrete various bioproducts while utilising readily available lignocellulosic biomass.

Objective: This study investigated the optimised production of two glycosyl hydrolases, amylase and polygalacturonase, by while utilising readily available agricultural residues.

Microbial β-glucosidases: Recent advances and applications.

The global β-glucosidase market is currently estimated at ∼400 million USD, and it is expected to double in the next six years; a trend that is mainly ascribed to the demand for the enzyme for biofuel processing. Microbial β-glucosidase, particularly, has thus garnered significant attention due to its ease of production, catalytic efficiency, and versatility, which have all facilitated its biotechnological potential across different industries. Hence, there are continued efforts to screen, produce, purify, characterize and evaluate the industrial applicability of β-glucosidase from actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi, and yeasts.

Biochemical and structural properties of a thermo-acid stable β-glucosidase from .

β-glucosidase hydrolyses the glycosidic bonds in cellobiose and cello-oligosaccharides, a critical step in the saccharification for biofuel production. Hence, the aim of this study was to gain insights into the biochemical and structural properties of a β-glucosidase from , an entomopathogenic fungus. The β-glucosidase was purified to homogeneity using salt precipitation, ultrafiltration, and chromatographic techniques, attaining a specific activity of 496 U/mg.

Writing a Scientific Review Article: Comprehensive Insights for Beginners.

Review articles present comprehensive overview of relevant literature on specific themes and synthesise the studies related to these themes, with the aim of strengthening the foundation of knowledge and facilitating theory development. The significance of review articles in science is immeasurable as both students and researchers rely on these articles as the starting point for their research. Interestingly, many postgraduate students are expected to write review articles for journal publications as a way of demonstrating their ability to contribute to new knowledge in their respective fields.

Biochemical engineering for elemental sulfur from flue gases through multi-enzymatic based approaches - A review.

Flue gases are the gases which are produced from industries related to chemical manufacturing, petrol refineries, power plants and ore processing plants. Along with other pollutants, sulfur present in the flue gas is detrimental to the environment. Therefore, environmentalists are concerned about its removal and recovery of resources from flue gases due to its activation ability in the atmosphere to transform into toxic substances.

The potential of fungi in the bioremediation of pharmaceutically active compounds: a comprehensive review.

The ability of fungal species to produce a wide range of enzymes and metabolites, which act synergistically, makes them valuable tools in bioremediation, especially in the removal of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) from contaminated environments. PhACs are compounds that have been specifically designed to treat or alter animal physiological conditions and they include antibiotics, analgesics, hormones, and steroids. Their detrimental effects on all life forms have become a source of public outcry due their persistent nature and their uncontrolled discharge into various wastewater effluents, hospital effluents, and surface waters.

Environmental Impacts of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: A Current Overview.

The increasing distribution of miniaturized plastic particles, microplastics (100 nm-5 mm) and nanoplastics (less than 100 nm), across the various ecosystems is currently a subject of major environmental concern. Exacerbating these concerns is the fact that microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) display different properties from their corresponding bulk materials; thus, not much is understood about their full biological and ecological implications. Currently, there is evidence to prove that these miniaturized plastic particles release toxic plastic additives and can adsorb various chemicals, thereby serving as sinks for various poisonous compounds, enhancing their bioavailability, toxicity, and transportation.

Xylanase: Characterization and Wastepaper Deinking Potential of a Novel Glycosyl Hydrolase from an Endophytic Fungal Entomopathogen.

is an entomopathogenic fungus widely used as a biopesticide for insect control; it has also been shown to exist as an endophyte, promoting plant growth in many instances. This study highlights an alternative potential of the fungus; in the production of an industrially important biocatalyst, xylanase. In this regard, SAN01 xylanase was purified to homogeneity and subsequently characterized.

Characterisation, pathogenicity and hydrolytic enzyme profiling of selected Fusarium species and their inhibition by novel coumarins.

Three Fusarium species isolated locally were characterised by the amplification of their rDNA ITS region, host specificity, and hydrolytic enzyme production. The strains were identified as Fusarium pseudoanthophilum, which is being reported for the first time in South Africa, as well as F. foetens and F.

Enhanced xylanase and endoglucanase production from Beauveria bassiana SAN01, an entomopathogenic fungal endophyte.

This study was undertaken to explore alternative applications of the widely known entomopathogenic/endophytic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, besides its sole use as a biocontrol agent. B. bassiana SAN01, was investigated for the production of two glycoside hydrolases, xylanase and endoglucanase under submerged conditions.

Plastic biodegradation: Frontline microbes and their enzymes.

Plastic polymers with different properties have been developed in the last 150 years to replace materials such as wood, glass and metals across various applications. Nevertheless, the distinct properties which make plastic desirable for our daily use also threaten our planet's sustainability. Plastics are resilient, non-reactive and most importantly, non-biodegradable.

Biotechnological potential of as a source of novel biocatalysts and metabolites.

though widely perceived as an entomopathogenic fungus has also been found in nature to be endophytic. As entomopathogens, the life cycle of different strains are organized and adapted as pathogens to their invertebrate hosts while as endophytes they maintain a symbiotic relationship with their plant hosts. To fulfill these aforementioned ecological roles, this fungus secretes an array of enzymes as well as secondary metabolites, which all have significant biological roles.

Recent advances in microbial glutaminase production and applications-a concise review.

This article focuses on significant advances in the production and applications of microbial glutaminases and provides insight into the structures of different glutaminases. Glutaminases catalyze the deamidation of glutamine to glutamic acid, and this unique ability forms the basis of their applications in various industries such as pharmaceutical and food organizations. Microbial glutaminases from bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast, and fungi are of greater significance than animal glutaminases because of their stability, affordability, and ease of production.

Protective effects of Parinari curatellifolia flavonoids against acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis in rats.

In the present study, we investigated the hepatoprotective potential of Parinari curatellifolia Planch (Chrysobalanaceae) in experimental rats in order to ascertain the validity of folkloric claims of its effectiveness in the treatment of hepatic-related disorders. Flavonoid extract of P. curatellifolia seed, PCF (10-, 20- or 30 mg/kg body weight) or silymarin (25 mg/kg), dissolved in corn oil, was administered by gavage to experimental animals once daily for 14 consecutive days before liver damage was chemically induced through the administration of acetaminophen (2 g/kg p.