Urinary Output of Very Low Birth Weight Infants during the First Weeks of Life.

Introduction: Daily urinary output (UOP) serves as important tool to identify acute kidney injury (AKI) in preterm infants. However, reference values for UOP, especially stratified for gestational age (GA), are missing.

Methods: This retrospective single-center study assessed UOP during the first 28 days of life in 128 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

Low incidence of acute kidney injury in VLBW infants with restrictive use of mechanical ventilation.

Background: We assessed the incidence of and risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in very low birthweight infants (VLBW) in a center with a specific neonatal management protocol focusing on avoidance of early mechanical ventilation (MV).

Methods: This retrospective single center analysis includes 128 infants born in 2020 with a gestational age ≥ 22 weeks who were screened for AKI using the nKDIGO criteria.

Results: AKI was identified in 25/128 patients (19.

Paying for water in Turkey: an analysis of Turkish water legislation in light of the precedent criteria of the Turkish Constitutional Court.

Water, which is a basic need for humans and the natural world, is a limited resource. It is a cyclical element and not a freely traded commodity. The right to access to water is acknowledged as a basic right because of the importance of water for human life, and for this reason, water is a topic in many human rights texts.

To be "a developed country" or not to be? The effect of the Paris agreement on Turkish forest law.

The Paris Agreement (PA), which is an important step toward mitigating climate change, has ascribed new responsibilities to the signatory parties that differ from those of the Kyoto Protocol (KP). This study is focused on the new responsibilities and the reasons why Turkey has not yet assigned the agreement into its own domestic law, although it was signed on April 22, 2016. There are several political and legal reasons for this, but the most important is Turkey's membership in the OECD as a developed country.