Serum cystatin C as an indicator for early detection of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. The metabolic dysregulations associated with DM causes secondary pathophysiological changes in multiple organ systems which result in various complications, responsible for the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease.

Methods: The present study was carried out on 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were recruited from those attending outpatient clinic and inpatient of Internal Medicine Department at The National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology from January 2017 to june 2017.

Prevalence of α-Thalassemia in the Egyptian Population.

Hemoglobinopathies are the most common monogenic diseases in the world, causing many health problems worldwide. In Egypt, thalassemia is the most common cause of chronic hemolytic anemia and correlated with significant morbidity and mortality. One thousand Egyptian newborns were screened to detect α-thalassemia (α-thal) deletions using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA analysis of cord blood samples.

Sliding mode disturbance observer-based control of a twin rotor MIMO system.

This work proposes a robust tracking controller for a helicopter laboratory setup known as the twin rotor MIMO system (TRMS) using an integral sliding mode controller. To eliminate the discontinuity in the control signal, the controller is augmented by a sliding mode disturbance observer. The actuator dynamics is handled using a backstepping approach which is applicable due to the continuous chattering-free nature of the command signals generated using the disturbance observer based controller.

Incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury among the critically ill neonates.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex disorder with clinical manifestations ranging from mild dysfunction to complete kidney failure. The published literature on the incidence and outcome of AKI in the critically ill neonatal population is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the types, the associated risk factors and short-term outcome of AKI in the critically ill neonates.

Does bloody aspirate reflect the state of upper gastrointestinal mucosa in a critically ill newborn?

Background And Study Aims: Critically ill newborns have many risk factors to develop stress related mucosal lesions (SRML). We used upper endoscopy to evaluate the presence of SRML in these neonates, to know the specificity and sensitivity of the bloody gastric aspirate to detect SRML and to identify the risk factors associated with the presence of SRML and bloody gastric aspirate.

Patients And Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done on 100 critically ill newborn after becoming clinically stable.

Echocardiogram done early in neonatal sepsis: what does it add?

Background: One of the major organs affected in neonatal sepsis is the heart. Echocardiogram provides real-time information on the cardiovascular performance rather than dependence on the clinical signs alone, which might lead to misjudgment.

Aim Of The Work: To assess left ventricular (LV) functions in septic neonates early after admission using transthoracic color Doppler Echocardiography.