A global scoping review of adaptations in nurturing care interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, children faced a disproportionate burden of malnutrition and poor health outcomes. Nurturing care interventions (NCIs) including actions toward good health, adequate nutrition, responsive care, opportunities for early learning, and security and safety are critical for promoting equity. Due to the need for evidence-based responses and preparedness, we analyzed adaptations in NCIs' implementation strategies during COVID-19 according to the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications to Evidence-based Implementation Strategies (FRAME-IS).

[Organization of local healthcare systems in remote rural Brazilian municipalities to combat the COVID-19 pandemic].

During the COVID-19 pandemic, populations living further away from urban centers faced immense difficulties accessing health services. This study aims to analyze how Brazilian remote rural municipalities faced the COVID-19 pandemic based on their political, structural, and organizational response to access to healthcare. A qualitative study of multiple cases was conducted with thematic and deductive content analysis of 51 interviews conducted with managers and healthcare professionals in 16 remote rural municipalities in the states of Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Piauí, Minas Gerais, and Amazonas.

Perspectives for Primary Health Care public policy in South America.

We aim to conduct a comparative analysis of the implementation of PHC in nine South American countries. Three dimensions were highlighted from documentary sources: political commitment, leadership, and governance; care model; and engagement of communities and other stakeholders. The results indicate a formal commitment that places PHC at the center of efforts to achieve universal access.

Challenges to implementing planning processes in Brazilian health regions.

Objective: To recognize elements that facilitated or hindered the PlanificaSUS implementation stages.

Methods: A multiple case study was carried out in four pre-selected health regions in Brazil-Belo Jardim (PE), Fronteira Oeste (RS), Sul-Mato-Grossense (MT) and Valença (BA) using systemic arterial hypertension and maternal and child care as tracer conditions. Participant observation (in regional interagency commissions) and in-depth interviews with key informants from state and municipal management and primary health care and specialized outpatient care service professionals within the project were carried out in these four regions.

The rehabilitation workforce in Brazil.

Background: The surge in individuals facing functional impairments has heightened the demand for rehabilitation services. Understanding the distribution of the rehabilitation workforce is pivotal for effective health system planning to address the population's health needs.

Objective: To investigate the spatial and temporal dispersion of physical therapists, speech therapists, psychologists and occupational therapists across various tiers of care within Brazil's Unified Health System and its regions.

The Brazilian primary health care response to the COVID-19 pandemic: individual and collective approaches.

Objectives: Brazil's PHC wide coverage has a potential role in the fight against COVID, especially in less developed regions. PHC should deal with COVID-19 treatment; health surveillance; continuity of care; and social support. This article aims to analyze PHC performance profiles during the pandemic, in these axes, comparing the five Brazilian macro-regions.

Dental care for persons with disabilities: discretion on the frontline.

Objective: To depict the influence of discretionary actions exercised by frontline professionals and organizations on the implementation of diverse modalities of access to specialized dental care within the Care Network for Persons with Disabilities.

Methods: A case study conducted in two Brazilian health regions characterized by distinct means of access to specialized dental care employing documentary analysis and interviews with key stakeholders across the period spanning from July to December 2019.

Results: In the referenced access region, there was a notable centrality of Primary Health Care (PHC) in caregiving, wherein planning and assessment were integral components of institutional routines.

Innovative shortcuts and initiatives in primary health care for rural/remote localities: a scoping review on how to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as one of the greatest challenges to societies, world health systems and science in the past century, making it imperative to restructure care networks. Therefore, it is essential to discuss the role and initiatives of primary health care (PHC) to deal with it. However, regarding the response to the pandemic, including the current global effort against COVID-19, the nuances of the rural/remote PHC context in the pandemic is barely visible.

Performance patterns of primary health care in the face of COVID-19 in Brazil: characteristics and contrasts.

The adequate fight against pandemics requires effective coordination between primary health care (PHC) and health surveillance, guaranteed attention to acute and chronic demands, and a bond with the community dimension in the scope of basic health units (UBS, acronym in Portuguese). This study aims to contrast two extreme standards of PHC performance in the fight against COVID-19 in Brazil, comparing them with the profiles of the corresponding municipalities and characteristics of the organization of services. Based on the results of a cross-sectional national survey with a representative sample of UBSs, we created a synthetic index to evaluate how PHC performs against COVID-19 called CPI, composed of axes of health surveillance and social support (collective dimension) and of COVID-19 care and continuity of care (individual dimension).

Specialized Rehabilitation Centers (CER) in the SUS and the impact of the covid-19 pandemic.

Objective: To analyze the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the functioning of Specialized Rehabilitation Centers (CER) in the SUS.

Methods: An analysis of the variation in outpatient production of the CER was carried out based on data from the Outpatient Information System of the Unified Health System (SIA-SUS) from March 2019 to December 2021. Such results were compared with CER managers' perceptions about the impacts of the pandemic on the units, measured by a web survey applied between November 2020 and February 2021.

Doctors' Work in Primary Health Care in remote rural municipalities: where is the territory?

Resolute and comprehensive health care in remote rural municipalities (RRMs) requires Primary Health Care (PHC) with a strong community dimension anchored in the territory. This paper aims to analyze the performance profile of doctors in PHC, considering their work both in the territory and in PHC units. The perspective of doctors, critical agents in PHC, contributes to understanding whether there is an equitable and comprehensive availability of PHC.

Water, land, and air: how do residents of Brazilian remote rural territories travel to access health services?

Background: Ensuring adequate and safe means of travel is essential for maintaining and improving the health and well-being of residents of rural communities worldwide. This article maps costs, distances, travel times, and means of elective and urgent/emergency health transport in Brazilian remote rural municipalities.

Methods: Multiple case studies were conducted in 27 remote rural municipalities using a qualitative method.

[Interfederative Health Consortium in the State of Bahia, Brazil: implementation, management mechanism, and sustainability of the organizational arrangement in the Brazilian Unified National Health System].

Analysis of the implementation, management, operation and sustainability of the Interfederative Health Consortia and the Regional Specialty Polyclinics, in the State of Bahia, Brazil. This is a single case study of a qualitative nature, with interviews with managers, social control, regulation, legislative, and mayors of municipalities in the member. The results indicate that capital expenditures and permanent cofinancing by the state manager are factors that encourage the participation of vertical consortia.

Specialized care and health transport from a Health Care Network integration perspective.

The aim of this study was to analyze the organization and provision of specialized care (SC) and health transport in regional polyclinics in the state of Bahia, Brazil. We conducted a qualitative exploratory single case study of a polyclinic based on semi-structured interviews with key informants in municipal and state health services. We sought to identify elements that characterize network-based models of SC.

Different remote realities: health and the use of territory in Brazilian rural municipalities.

Objective: To characterize remote rural Brazilian municipalities according to their logic of insertion into socio-spatial dynamics, discussing the implications of these characteristics for health policies.

Methods: Starting from the category of analysis - the use of the territory - a typology was elaborated, with the delimitation of six clusters. The clusters were compared using socioeconomic data and the distance in minutes to the metropolis, regional capital, and sub-regional center.

Prevalence of multimorbidity in older adults in São Paulo, Brazil: a study with ISA-Capital.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in older adults in São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: A cross-sectional study based on the 2015 ISA-Capital population-based survey, with a subsample of 1,019 older adults aged ≥ 60 years old. Multimorbidity was categorized considering two or more chronic diseases, based on a previously defined list.

Efficiency Analysis in Brazil's Sao Paulo State Local Unified Health System (SUS): From Gender-Ethnicity-Power Inequities to the Dissolution of Health Effectiveness.

Health equity is cross sectioned by the reproduction of social relations of gender, ethnicity and power. The purpose of this article is to assess how intersectional health equity determines societal health levels, in a local efficiency analysis within Brazil's Unified Health System (SUS), among Sao Paulo state municipalities. Fixed Panel Effects Model and Data Envelopment Analysis techniques were applied, according to resources, health production and intersectoral dimensions.

Primary health care in the Amazon and its potential impact on health inequities: a scoping review.

Introduction: Health studies of the Amazon often focus on diseases and infections prevalent in the region, and few studies address health organizations and services. In this sense, this study fills a gap by reviewing the studies aimed at primary healthcare (PHC) implementation in the nine Amazonian countries. This review addresses a need to explore the forms in which PHC is implemented in the Amazon areas outside the urban centers and its potential to reduce health inequities.

Provision of specialized care in remote rural municipalities of the Brazilian semi-arid region.

Introduction: Specialized care barriers are widespread and multifactorial, with consequences for timely access, health outcomes, and equity, especially in rural contexts. This article aims to identify and analyze arrangements for providing specialized care in the Brazilian remote rural municipalities (RRMs).

Methods: This is a multiple-case qualitative case study developed in seven RRMs located in the Brazilian semi-arid region.

The workforce for rehabilitation in primary health care in Brazil.

Background: Studies on the workforce in rehabilitation in primary health care services are still unusual in health systems analysis. Data on the health worker density at the subnational level in rehabilitation in primary health care are not commonly observed in most health systems. Nevertheless, these data are core for the system's planning and essential for finding the balance between the composition, distribution, and number of workers for rehabilitation actions.

[International capital companies and the Brazilian health system: a study on renal replacement therapy].

Since the liberalization of foreign capital in health a new trend has arisen in the process of capital accumulation in the industrial economic complex of health, especially at the levels of outsourced care and Services of Care, Treatment and Diagnosis (SCTD). In order to contribute to the understanding of this dynamic, this article sought to analyze the acquisition process of Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) clinics by international capital companies in Brazil. To achieve this, a two-stage methodological path was developed; the first consisted in the quantitative-descriptive analysis of the economic type of all the international capital companies that operate in the production of input and technologies and in RRT care services; the second was developed by a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews of key actors from the private and public sectors and organized civil society.

[Health policies and definitions of deafness and hearing impairment in the SUS: a monologue?].

Two theoretical definitions are central to the discussion on hearing impairment and deafness: the organic/biological definition and the social/anthropological definition. They differ essentially in the definition of a hypothetical boundary of normality and in the understanding of deaf individuals as a linguistic minority. This study aimed to identify how these definitions were expressed in the health policies for persons with hearing impairment/deafness in the Brazillian Unified National Health System (SUS).

Structure and performance of medical and dental care in two Brazilian health regions between 2007 and 2014.

The structure and performance of medical and dental care were analyzed in two health regions that differed socioeconomically and in the provision of services, through case study in the Norte-Barretos (São Paulo) and Juazeiro (Bahia) regions from 2007 and 2014, taking into account political, organizational and structural dimensions and structure and performance indicators. The results showed that the regionalization was positively recognized, the distribution of services did not meet the population demand, and the installed capacity of the health care network was not adequate for the health needs of the population. Norte-Barretos stood out regarding structure (except for potential coverage of oral health teams in the Family Health Strategy) and effectiveness, while Juazeiro stood out concerning efficiency; e.