Validity and reliability of the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) and the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) in multiple sclerosis patients with ataxia.

Background: Ataxia is an extremely common problem in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Thus, appropriate scales are required for detailed assessment of this issue. The aim of our study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) and Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), which are widely used in ataxia evaluation in the context of other cerebellar diseases.

Effects of different exercise modalities on ataxia in multiple sclerosis patients: a randomized controlled study.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of different exercise protocols on ataxia in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Method: A total of 42 MS patients, 17 male and 25 female (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS): 3-5), were enrolled in this randomized controlled study. The patients were divided into three groups: a balance training (BT) group, a lumbar stabilization (LS) group and a task-oriented training (TT) group.

Pain in Parkinson disease: a review of the literature.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative neurological disease presenting with motor and non-motor signs and symptoms. Approximately 30-50% of the patients experience pain. There is no consensus regarding the mechanisms and classification of pain in PD.

Thermal and mechanical pain thresholds in patients with fluctuating Parkinson's disease.

Study results evaluating pain thresholds in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) vary widely. Thus, we designed our study to determine the effects of levodopa on the thresholds of pressure (PPT), heat (HPT) and cold pain (CPT) in PD patients with motor fluctuations (18 patients: 10 men, 8 women; age: 65 ± 10 years; mean disease duration: 11.6 ± 6 years), six of whom (33%) reported pain related to their disease.

The effect of electrical stimulation in combination with Bobath techniques in the prevention of shoulder subluxation in acute stroke patients.

Objective: To examine the efficiency of electrical stimulation in combination with Bobath techniques in the prevention of inferior and anterior shoulder subluxation in acute stroke patients.

Design: A prospective randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Intensive care unit and inpatient clinics of neurology in a university hospital.