The Relationship Between Prostate Biopsy Results and PSA and Free PSA Ratio Changes in Elevated Serum PSA Patients with and without Antibiotherapy.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of antibiotic treatment on total prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and free/total (f/t) PSA ratio and the relevance of these changes to prostate biopsy results.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 1,062 patients with elevated age-adjusted serum PSA levels who underwent prostate biopsy between 2004 and 2016. A total of 303 cases with followup PSA levels and f/t PSA ratio before and after antibiotherapy were included into this study.

Association between focal adhesion kinase and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in prostate adenocarcinoma and their influence on the progression of prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a member of the non-receptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase family, is associated with the development and progression of cancer. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is directly involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix, and basement membrane components promote cancer cell migration and invasion. There is a functional interaction among FAK, MMP-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which leads to enhanced cancer angiogenesis, cancer cell invasion and progression of malignancy.

Distribution and number of Cajal-like cells in testis tissue with azoospermia.

We investigated the number and distribution of Cajal-like cells in patients with azoospermia. A total of 99 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia were divided into subgroups [19 patientsin hypospermatogenesis group (S1), 40 patients in maturation arrest group (S2), 20 patients in a Sertoli cell-only syndrome (S3), and 20 patients in a testicular atrophy and fibrosis group (S4)], and 20 patients with obstructive azoospermia group (S0). Sections stained with a c-kit antibody were studied by light microscopy to determine the number and distribution of Cajal-like cells in peritubular and perivascular areas of testis.

Clinical Use of Tumor Markers for the Detection and Prognosis of Bladder Carcinoma: A Comparison of CD44, Cytokeratin 20 and Survivin.

Purpose: To investigate the role of CD44, cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and survivin for the detection and prognosis of patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

Materials And Methods: The study included 82 patients who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumors between 2009 and 2014. The patient and tumor characteristics with relevance to age, tumor size and focality, grade and stage, recurrence and progression were noted.

The effect of American Society of Anesthesiology scores on percutaneous nephrolithotomy outcomes.

Introduction: To evaluate the effect of American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) scores on percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) outcomes.

Materials And Methods: The records of 186 consecutive patients undergoing PNL procedures from 2006 to 2011 at a single institution were evaluated. Patients were divided into a low-risk group with a preoperative ASA of I or II and a high-risk group with ASA of III or IV.

Tailored treatment approach for emphysematous pyelonephritis.

Objective: We evaluated the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of patients presenting with emphysematous pyelonephritis (EP).

Patients And Methods: The clinical data of 24 EP patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. The management strategies were discussed according to the severity of condition at presentation.

Single injection results of endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteric reflux with different tissue-bulking substances in patients with end stage renal failure.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of subureteral injections by using calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHa), dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (Dx/HA), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDS) in patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) who have vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).

Patients And Methods: One hundred-one patients (166 renal units) with ESRF secondary to VUR were included in this retrospective study. The reflux was bilateral in 65 of the cases.

Time to stone clearance for ureteral stones treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Objective: To evaluate the time to stone-free status after shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for ureteral stones.

Methods: Medical records of 387 patients with ureteral stones who have been treated were retrospectively reviewed. Exclusion criteria for this analysis included nonopaque stones, prior ureteric surgery, multiple ureteral stones, anomalous kidneys or ureters, hydroureteronephrosis, infravesical obstruction, nonfunctioning kidney, inadequate follow-up, and treatment with calcium-channel blockers and alpha blockers.

Tranexamic acid decreases blood loss during transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR -P).

Introduction: Postoperative blood loss after prostate surgery is thought to be associated with an increase in urinary fibrinolytic activity. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is both a potent inhibitor of plasminogen and urokinase activators and a low molecular weight substance that is excreted unchanged in the urinary tract and can be administered both orally and intravenously. We investigated the effect of TXA on the amount of blood loss during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

The effect of topical synthetic prostaglandin E1 (misoprostol) on clitoral hemodynamics.

Introduction: Genital blood flow plays an important role on female sexual function. Measures that increase genital blood flow may be a therapeutic approach for female sexual dysfunction.

Aim: This study aims to show the effect of topical misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin, on clitoral blood flow.

Which factors may effect urinary leakage following percutaneous nephrolithotomy?

Objective: To evaluate the factors that may effect urinary leakage following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Methods: Four hundred and thirty-three patients who underwent PCNL were reviewed retrospectively. The factors that may lead to leakage after surgery were analyzed as categorized into four groups according to individual variables (age, sex, body mass index); renal factors (previous surgery, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy history, presence of hydronephrosis); stone burden; and surgical features (access number, type of dilatation, presence of nephrostomy catheter).

Maspin expression in renal cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathologic parameters.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between maspin expression and prognostic parameters in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with relevance to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvessel density.

Methods: One-hundred twenty-four patients with RCC of varying histologic types who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy were studied. The mean age of the patients was 59.

Labial fusion causing urinary incontinence and recurrent urinary tract infection in a postmenopausal female: a case report.

A 73-year-old postmenopausal woman was admitted with recurrent urinary tract infection and a history of incontinence. General physical examination was normal. Complete labial fusion was noticed on genital examination.

The effects of hydronephrosis and stone burden on success rates of shockwave lithotripsy in pediatric population.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) with a third-generation SWL machine in the pediatric age group and to determine the effects of stone burden and the degree of hydronephrosis on the results.

Methods: Two hundred and sixty children with urinary system stones were treated with Siemens Lithostar Modularis Uro-Plus. The patients were divided into three groups according to stone burden (group 1: <100 mm(2); group 2: 101-200 mm(2); group 3: >200 mm(2)) and into four groups according to the degree of hydronephrosis (group 0: absent; group 1: mild; group 2: moderate; group 3: severe).

Evaluation of video-urodynamic studies before renal transplantation in chronic renal failure patients.

Objectives: To evaluate the role of video-urodynamic examination prior to renal transplantation.

Methods: Sixty-four kidney transplant recipients were included into the study. All patients underwent video-urodynamic examination and separate uroflowmetry.

Renal transplant outcome after endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux using the subureteric injection of calcium hydroxyapatite.

Objectives: To evaluate the results of end-stage renal failure in transplanted cases due to vesicoureteral reflux after a subureteric injection of calcium hydroxyapatite (Coaptite).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-three patients (39 renal units) with end-stage renal failure secondary to vesicoureteral reflux were included. Reflux was bilateral in 16 cases and unilateral in 7 of the cases.

Renal endometriosis presenting with a giant subcapsular hematoma: case report.

Objective: To describe a case of renal subcapsular hematoma due to renal endometriosis.

Design: Case report.

Setting: Departments of Urology and Pathology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Do changes in a high serum prostate-specific antigen level and the free/total prostate-specific antigen ratio after antibiotic treatment rule out biopsy and the suspicion of cancer?

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of antibiotic treatment in patients with higher-than-normal prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in terms of changes both in total PSA and free/total (f/t) PSA ratios.

Materials And Methods: Serum PSA and f/t PSA changes after antibiotic treatment in 85 patients with normal digital rectal examination but elevated age-adjusted serum PSA levels were evaluated with relevance to biopsy results.

Results: Serum PSA levels decreased after antibiotic treatment in 47 of 85 patients.

Iatrogenic ureteral injury due to lumbar sympathetic block.

Lumbar sympathetic block (LSB) is used in the management of sympathetically maintained pain states. Complications of LSB may include infection, injury of spinal cord or somatic nerve, kidney trauma, hypotension, paraplegia and genitofemoral neuralgia. We present a case of a 53-year-old woman who had undergone LSB for the relief of reflex sympathetic dystrophy and subsequently a disrupted right proximal ureter.

Iatrogenic ureteral injury due to lumbar sympathetic block.

Lumbar sympathetic block (LSB) is used in the management of sympathetically maintained pain states. Complications of LSB include infection, injury of spinal cord or somatic nerve, kidney trauma, hypotension, paraplegia and genitofemoral neuralgia. This report presents the case of a 53-year-old woman who had undergone LSB for relief of reflex sympathetic dystrophy and subsequently disrupted right proximal ureter.

VEGF, COX-2, and PCNA expression in renal cell carcinoma subtypes and their prognostic value.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of new markers such as VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2), and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and review their differences in expression by histological subtype in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods: About 99 patients who underwent radical (n = 79) or partial nephrectomy (n = 20) were included in this study. Histopathological specimens from the subjects were retrospectively analyzed immunohistochemically for the presence of VEGF, COX-2, or PCNA.

Sublingual sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: faster onset of action with less dose.

Background: The aim of the present study was to show the efficacy and safety of sublingual sildenafil and to determine whether lower doses cause the same effect with a faster onset of action in this mode of application.

Methods: Forty consecutive patients with erectile dysfunction for more than three months were included in the study. The mean age was 55 years (range, 25-65).