sequence type (ST) 398 is a lineage affecting both humans and livestock worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying its clonal evolution are still not clearly elucidated. We applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) typing to 45 strains from China and Canada between 2005 and 2014, in order to gain insight into their evolutionary pathway.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStroke is the fourth leading cause of mortality and is estimated to be one of the major reasons for long-lasting disability worldwide. There are limited studies that describe the application of physical therapy interventions to prevent disabilities in stroke survivors and promote recovery after a stroke. In this review, we have described a wide range of interventions based on impairments, activity limitations, and goals in recovery during different stages of a stroke.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpasticity is a common issue among children, especially those with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is a surgical procedure that is often used to decrease lower limb rigidity, alongside other treatment options such as intrathecal medication, peripheral nerve surgery, and deep brain stimulation (DBS). The objective of these therapies is to improve the standard of living for young individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis review discusses the classification, characteristics, and applications of biosurfactants. The biosynthesis pathways for different classes of biosurfactants are reviewed. An in-depth analysis of reported research is carried out emphasizing the synthetic pathways, culture media compositions, and influencing factors on production yield of biosurfactants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe fossil fuel utilization adversely affected the environmental health due to the rising emission levels of greenhouse gases. Consequently, the challenges of climate change loaded great stress on renewable energy sources. It is noted that extreme consumption of fossil fuels increased the earth temperature by 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFS100A8 and S100A9 function as essential factors in inflammation and also exert antitumor or tumorigenic activity depending on the type of cancer. Chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL) is a rare hematological malignancy having elevated levels of eosinophils and characterized by the presence of the fusion gene. In this study, we examined the pro-apoptotic mechanisms of S100A8 and S100A9 in FIP1L1-PDGFRα+ eosinophilic cells and hypereosinophilic patient cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis review summarizes the recent development and studies of anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) to control fouling issues. AnMBR is an emerging waste water treatment technology mainly because of its low sludge residual, high volumetric organic removal rate, complete liquid-solid separation, better effluent quality, efficient resource recovery and the small footprint. This paper surveys the fundamental aspects of AnMBRs, including its applications, membrane configurations, and recent progress for enhanced reactor performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFS100A8 and S100A9 are important proteins in the pathogenesis of allergy. Asthma is an allergic lung disease, characterized by bronchial inflammation due to leukocytes, bronchoconstriction, and allergen-specific IgE. In this study, we examined the role of S100A8 and S100A9 in the interaction of cytokine release from bronchial epithelial cells, with constitutive apoptosis of neutrophils.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKoehne (CS) has been used in a traditional oriental medicine for treating throat diseases, anaphylaxis, viral infection, and inflammation. This study investigated the underlying mechanism of anti-allergic effect of CS. Leaves of CS plants were dried, powdered, and then underwent extraction with DMSO.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: An increasing number of severe infections caused by ST398 strains has been observed. However, it has not been elucidated whether all ST398 strains are equally virulent. We collected 13 strains from China and Canada to test in a infection model and compared their whole genome sequences (WGS) to explore potential insights into their virulence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study investigated the anti-allergic effect of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. (PT) on human keratinocytic HaCaT cells and on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis-like lesions .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe genomic comparison of virulent (TW20), moderately virulent (CMRSA6/CMRSA3), and avirulent (M92) strains from a genetically closely-related MRSA ST239 sub-lineage revealed striking similarities in their genomes and antibiotic resistance profiles, despite differences in virulence and pathogenicity. The main differences were in the gene (coding for staphylococcal protein A), genes (coding for lipoprotein-like membrane proteins), genes (genes involved in heme synthesis), and the gene (coding for a trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase), as well as variations in the presence or content of some prophages and plasmids, which could explain the virulence differences of these strains. TW20 was positive for all genetic traits tested, compared to CMRSA6, CMRSA3, and M92.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aromatic amino acids, Tyr or Trp, which line the active-site walls of esterases, stabilize the catalytic His loop via hydrogen bonding. A Tyr residue is preferred in extremophilic esterases (psychrophilic or hyperthermophilic esterases), whereas a Trp residue is preferred in moderate-temperature esterases. Here, we provide evidence that Tyr and Trp play distinct roles in cold adaptation of the psychrophilic esterase EstSP1 isolated from an Arctic bacterium PAMC 26605.
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