Impact of Drain Placement on Postoperative Complications after Thyroidectomy for Substernal Goiter.

 Despite the evidence against drain placement after thyroidectomy, there is a lack of consensus on drain use in patients with substernal goiter.  To assess the factors that increase the likelihood of drain placement and its impact on postoperative hematoma and other 30-day complications among adult patients undergoing thyroidectomy for substernal goiter.  A retrospective cohort study that used data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP).

COVID-19 pandemic impacted internet use and anxiety among general public during COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan.

Objective: To determine the association between internet use and anxiety among people during the coronavirus disease- 2019 pandemic.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted across Pakistan from January 14 to February 21, 2021, which was the active phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic in Pakistan. The participants were aged at least 13 years having internet access regardless of gender or their location across Pakistan.

Potassium Channel Subfamily T Member 1(KCNT1) Pathological Variant Causing Epilepsy Of Infancy With Migrating Focal Seizures: A Case Report.

Pathological mutation of potassium channel subfamily T member 1 (KCNT1) gene causes an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by secondarily generalised seizures/migratory focal seizure, cyanosis, and dysmorphic features. We report the case of a five-month old male with pathological KCNT1 variant who presented with focal clonic seizures, Mongol spots, and grade two systolic murmur at the left lower sternal border and loud P2. The seizures were refractory to most anti-epileptic drugs but showed some response to Valproic acid.

E-cigarette use and prevalence of lung diseases among the U.S. population: a NHANES survey.

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate epidemiological characteristics and prevalence of lung disease among e-cigarettes users in the United States. A population-based, cross-sectional survey was performed using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of 2015-2018. Adults using e-cigarettes (SMQ900), traditional smoking (SMQ020: > 100 cigarettes in lifetime or SMQ040: current cigarettes use), and dual smoking (e-cigarettes and traditional smoking) were identified and compared in their sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of lung diseases (Asthma: MCQ010 and COPD: MCQ160O).

Analysis of the Snake Robot Kinematics with Virtual Reality Visualisation.

In this article, we present a novel approach to performing engineering simulation in an interactive environment. A synesthetic design approach is employed, which enables the user to gather information about the system's behaviour more holistically, at the same time as facilitating interaction with the simulated system. The system considered in this work is a snake robot moving on a flat surface.

Surveillance of aetiologies, clinical presentation, and most common types of epilepsy among paediatric patients at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

Epilepsy is the third most common neurological disease in the world associated with a high frequency in the paediatric age group. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, types and aetiologies of epilepsy within the Pakistani population. A retrospective review of the charts of all patients, below the age of 18 years, presenting with epilepsy to the Department of Neurology at The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, from January 2016 to December 2020, was carried out.

Hepatitis-associated aplastic anaemia: surveillance of frequency,clinico-haematological features, and demographic distribution at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

Objective: We aim to document the frequency of HAAA cases among AA patients presenting at a tertiary care hospital, and to determine the most common agents (viral/drug induced) and Clinico-haematological features among HAAA patients at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This study was a retrospective review, conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Results: A total of 21 patients were included in the study.

Recent Advancements in Gremlin-1: Breast cancer.

One of the bone's morphogenic protein (BMP) antagonists, Gremlin-1 or GREM-1, can bind directly to BMPs. GREM-1 can act in either BMP-dependent or -independent pathways, according to research. It reinforces organogenesis, tissue differentiation, and organ fibrosis.

Demographic and Psychosocial Factors associated with Internet Addiction among the Pakistani Population during COVID-19: A Web-Based Survey.

This study aims to determine the burden of COVID19-induced internet addiction and related psychosocial factors among the Pakistani sample. A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to March 2021. An analytical cross-sectional survey was broadcast on the internet via a Google form completed by 1145 Pakistanis.

Perioperative registries in resource-limited settings: The way forward for Pakistan.

Capable of improving surgical quality, perioperative registries can allow performance benchmarking, reliable reporting and the development of risk-prediction models. Well established in high-income countries, perioperative registries remain limited in lower- and middle-income countries due to several challenges. First, ensuring comprehensive data entry forums to power the registries is difficult because of limited electronic medical records requiring sustained efforts to develop and integrate these into practice.

Disparities in access to quality surgical care for women in resource-constrained settings: Bottlenecks and the way forward.

Women seeking surgical care are burdened with gender disparities, particularly in resource-limited settings. Such disparities can lead to women often presenting late with advanced disease and poor prognoses. The current narrative review was planned to find evidence for gender disparities, their implications, challenges faced by women seeking surgical care, and strategies to address them.

Chemo-taxonomic and biological potential of highly therapeutic plant Pedicularis groenlandica Retz. using multiple microscopic techniques.

Pedicularis groenlandica is one of the most important medicinal plant of Deosai Plateau (Gilgit-Baltistan) Pakistan. The present study was aim to evaluate the micromorphological features, phytochemical screening and pharmacological potential of P. groenlandica by using multiple microscopic techniques.

Implication, visualization, and characterization through scanning electron microscopy as a tool to identify nonedible oil seeds.

Second-generation biofuels prove to be a distinctive and renewable source of sustainable energy and cleaner environment. The current study focuses on the exploration and identification of four nonedible sources, that is, Brassica oleracea L., Carthamus oxyacantha M.

Ocular COVID-19: Eyes as a Reservoir to Conceal and Spread SARSCoV- 2.

Ocular tissues can serve as a reservoir for the SARS-CoV-2 virus which can not only cause conjunctivitis but also serve as a source of infection transmission to others. Additionally, the eye and its tear drainage apparatus can track the SARS-CoV-2 from the eye into the respiratory tract of the patient. The potential ocular presence of the SARS-CoV-2 in the eye of a patient can target ACE2 receptors in the endothelium of the conjunctival vessels and use the lacrimal sac a potential space to evade immune detection and clinical isolation.

Development of a novel pH sensitive silane crosslinked injectable hydrogel for controlled release of neomycin sulfate.

Silane crosslinked biopolymer based novel pH-responsive hydrogels were fabricated by blending the cationic (chitosan) and anionic (alginate) polymers with poly(vinyl alcohol). Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) was used, as a crosslinker in different amounts due to its nonhazardous nature, to study its impact on physical and chemical properties of the prepared injectable hydrogels along with the controlled release of drug. The swelling response of the prepared hydrogels was examined in different solvent media which exhibited decreased swelling ratio with increase in the amount of TEOS.

Extraction, purification and characterization of the crystallin protein of cataractous eye lens nucleus.

The purpose of this study is to separate and identify the crystallin protein present in the nucleus of a human cataractous eye lens. Cataractous lenses were collected from different eye hospitals from patients of different etiologies with ages between 40 and 80 years. Lens nucleus proteins were extracted into four fractions on the basis of their solubility in different media by applying a reported method.