3(2H)-Benzofuranones and chromanes from liquid cultures of the mycoparasitic fungus Coniothyrium minitans.

Two 3(2H)-benzofuranones and three chromanes were isolated from the mycoparasitic fungus Coniothyrium minitans. Their structures and absolute stereochemistry were determined by spectroscopic methods.

Four alkaloids, lucidine B, oxolucidine A, lucidine A, and lucidulinone from Lycopodium lucidulum.

The structures of four alkaloids extracted from Lycopodium lucidulum (Lycopodiaceae) were established by X-ray and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses. The dihydro-derivative of oxolucidine A, which was obtained by NaBH4 reduction of oxolucidine A, was treated with p-bromobenzoyl chloride to afford crystals, whose X-ray crystallographic analysis established the stereostructure, including the absolute configuration. The 2D NMR spectra of tetrahydrodeoxylucidine B were fully analyzed to establish the full structure of lucidine B, and the hitherto unknown stereochemistry at the C-14 position was established as beta-H.

A caryophyllene-related sesquiterpene and two 6, 7-seco-caryophyllenes from liquid cultures of hebeloma longicaudum.

Three new caryophyllene-related sesquiterpenes, hebelophyllenes D (1), E (2), and F (3), were isolated from liquid cultures of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma longicaudum. Their structures were determined by modern spectroscopic methods. Hebelophyllene D has a tricyclo[5.

Profile changes associated with maxillary incisor retraction in the postadolescent orthodontic patient.

Maxillary incisor retraction and associated upper lip changes were studied in 30 male and 30 female postadolescent orthodontic patients to determine if a statistically significant correlation and ratio existed between maxillary incisor and lip retraction, dependent on thickness, strain, and length of the upper lip. This analysis attempted to eliminate the effects of growth and gender. Statistically significant correlations were found in both male and female patients who had thin, highly strained lips.

Making psychological referrals.

Although the actual occasions for doing so may be infrequent, it is important that the dentist be aware of how to make referrals for psychological reasons.

Trehalose esters from the aspen fungus Hyphozyma lignicola.

Chemical investigation of the metabolites produced when a new fungus, Hyphozyma lignicola, isolated from blackgalls on aspen, was grown in malt extract liquid medium resulted in the isolation and identification of five trehalose esters 1-5, which are unusual fungal metabolites. The major compound is 3,6-di-O-acetyl-2-O-octadecanoyl-alpha,alpha-D-trehalose [2]. The structures were established by the analysis of nmr and fabms data in combination with chemical degradation.

Chemical investigation of the metabolites from the Canadian tuckahoe, Polyporus tuberaster.

The metabolites of the Canadian tuckahoe, the sclerotium of Polyporus tuberaster, have been investigated. The ten-membered lactone tuckolide [1] was isolated, and its structure was determined by spectroscopic methods and confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Ergosterol, ergosterol peroxide, and several unidentified ergosterol derivatives were also obtained, along with an unidentified disaccharide.

Binding of [14,15-3H]14,15-dihydroforskolin to rat liver membranes: comparison with the stimulatory effect of forskolin on adenylate cyclase.

The binding of [14,15-3H]14,15-dihydroforskolin ([3H]DHF) to rat liver membranes has been further characterized and was compared with the stimulatory effect of forskolin on adenylate cyclase. The binding equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) for 14,15-dihydroforskolin obtained in inhibition experiments was 0.6 microM, with a maximal binding capacity (Bmax) of 114 pmol/mg protein.

Why patients change dentists: practitioners' views.

Dentists participating in a health screening at the 1984 annual session completed a brief questionnaire concerning patient turnover. In most dentists' opinions, patients more frequently leave a practice for reasons independent of the practice: they change residences and jobs. Patients' dissatisfaction with how they are treated, with the quality of care, and with pain and anxiety control also are believed to be among the factors "pushing" away patients.

Head, neck, and oral abnormalities in dentists participating in the health assessment program.

A total of 484 clinical abnormalities were observed in 7,041 dentists who participated in head, neck, and oral examinations during a 7-year period. Most of the dentists had been unaware of the lesions. Forty-nine of the 97 dentists who were informed that they had potentially serious lesions sought further diagnostic assistance.

Dentists' management of patients' fear and anxiety.

Dentists participating in a health screening at the 1983 ADA annual session were asked to complete a brief questionnaire concerning their attitudes and methods of managing anxious patients. Most dentists see patient fear as an extremely important dimension of their practice and believe it to be the most important impediment to patient satisfaction. Behavioral methods such as "talking" appear to be the most frequently used methods of dealing with fearful patients.

Sources of dentists' stress.

Almost 1,000 American dentists attending the 1982 Association annual meeting completed a self-administered questionnaire on sources of stress in dental practice. Most respondents identified dentistry as more stressful than other occupations. However, most believed that other dentists were under more stress than themselves.

Work loss among practicing dentists.

This report provides data on the amount of time lost and the reasons for time lost from dental practice for a group of 850 clinical practitioners. Results indicate that during 1981 dentists lost an average of 29 days: 2 for illness, 17 for vacation, 5 for professional meetings, and about 5 for other reasons. It was also shown that time off for illness, vacation, and professional meetings increases with the age of the dentist.