The Role of [F]FDG PET/CT in Monitoring of Therapy Response in Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with an all stage 5-year relative survival rate of less than 30%. Multiple treatment strategies are available and continue to evolve, with therapy primarily tailored to the type and stage of the disease. Accurate monitoring of therapy response is crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes.

Calcium release from damaged lysosomes triggers stress granule formation for cell survival.

Lysosomes are essential membrane-bound organelles that integrate intracellular needs and external signals through multiple functions, including autophagy-mediated degradation and MTORC1 signaling. The integrity of the lysosomal membrane is therefore crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Various endogenous and exogenous factors can damage lysosomes, contributing to diseases such as infections, cancer, and neurodegeneration.

Parental Perceptions and Practices Regarding Pain Management and Medical Marijuana Use in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease.

Parental strategies for home management of pain crisis in children with sickle cell anemia are not well studied. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) are thought of as the mainstay of home and in-patient pain management for pediatric patients with sickle cell disease. Parents and providers often fear the use of opioids due to the risk of addiction.

Rates of Extended Oral Antibiotic Prophylaxis After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Among High-Risk and Standard-Risk Patients: 2009 to 2022.

Background: Recent evidence suggests extended courses of oral antibiotics (EOA) after total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may reduce the risk of periprosthetic joint infection in high-risk patients. EOA rates after total hip arthroplasty have risen significantly. However, there is a lack of epidemiologic data on EOA prophylaxis following TKA.

AI-Generated Graduate Medical Education Content for Total Joint Arthroplasty: Comparing ChatGPT Against Orthopaedic Fellows.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has primarily focused on diagnosing and treating diseases and assisting in the development of academic scholarly work. This study aimed to evaluate a new use of AI in orthopaedics: content generation for professional medical education. Quality, accuracy, and time were compared between content created by ChatGPT and orthopaedic surgery clinical fellows.

Isolation, characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of compounds from the .

The need to explore the abundance of natural products cannot be overemphasized particularly in the management of various disease conditions. In traditional medical practice, has been widely adopted in the management of various inflammatory disorders. The objective of this investigation was to isolate the bioactive principles from the stem-bark and root of and assess the anti-inflammatory () activity of both the crude extracts and the isolated compounds.

Optimizing PSMA scintigraphy for resource limited settings - a retrospective comparative study.

Background: PSMA PET/CT is the most sensitive molecular imaging modality for prostate cancer (PCa), yet much of the developing world has little or no access to PET/CT. [Tc]Tc-PSMA scintigraphy (PS) is a cheaper and more accessible gamma camera-based alternative. However, many resource-constrained departments have only a single camera without tomographic or hybrid imaging functionality, and camera time is frequently in high demand.

Atypical Presentation of Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Bowel: A Case Report.

Breast cancer rarely metastasizes to the intestinal tract. It is even more uncommon to find intestinal metastasis as the first sign of distant spread. We describe an atypical case of small and large bowel carcinomas arising from primary breast cancer and presenting as the first evidence of distant metastasis.

Accuracy of Pediatric Interventricular Septal Thickness Measurement Obtained Via Point-of-Care Ultrasound: A Prospective Study.

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic, life-threatening cardiovascular disease that often goes unidentified in pediatric patients. Patients are often asymptomatic and neither history or physical examination are reliable to detect the disease. The only reliable method to diagnose hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is with echocardiography to look at interventricular septal thickness.

Chronic Anticoagulation is Associated With Increased Risk for Postoperative Complications Following Aseptic Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: With an aging global population, the incidence of revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) is expected to increase markedly. While patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty who require chronic anticoagulation (AC) have been associated with increased postoperative complications, less is known about the impact of chronic AC status on postoperative complications in the rTHA setting. This study sought to compare complication rates following aseptic rTHA between patients who were on chronic AC and those who were not.

Should All Patients Receive Extended Oral Antibiotic Prophylaxis? Defining Its Role in Patients Undergoing Primary and Aseptic Revision Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Background: Prior studies have demonstrated reduced periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rates following extended oral antibiotics (EOAs) for high-risk patients undergoing primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA). This study compared 3-month PJI rates in all patients undergoing primary or aseptic revision TJA with or without EOA prophylaxis.

Methods: In total, 2,982 consecutive primary (n = 2,677) and aseptic revision (n = 305) TJAs were performed by a single, fellowship-trained arthroplasty surgeon from 2016 to 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.

Assessing the impact of a national social marketing campaign for antimicrobial resistance on public awareness, attitudes, and behaviour, and as a supportive tool for healthcare professionals, England, 2017 to 2019.

BackgroundPrevious United Kingdom campaigns targeting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) recommended running multimedia campaigns over an increased timeframe. The 3-year-long Keep Antibiotics Working (KAW) campaign was a mass media campaign in England targeting the public and general practitioners (GPs).MethodsEvery year, pre- and post-campaign questionnaire data were collected from the public, whereas post-campaign interview data were obtained from GPs.

Periprosthetic Joint Infection Risk After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Are All Preoperative Corticosteroid Injections the Same?

Background: Previous evidence has demonstrated an increased risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients receiving corticosteroid injection (CSI) within 3 months of surgery. The study aimed to determine if PJI risk after TKA varied among different corticosteroid agents.

Methods: A total of 85,073 patients undergoing primary TKA from 2009 to 2019 were identified from a large national database.

Child Death in a Resource-Limited Setting: A Simulation Case for Pediatric Residents to Prepare for Global Health Electives.

Introduction: Pediatric residents are increasingly pursuing global health electives. Differences in cultural norms and management around pediatric deaths in resource-limited settings can be emotionally overwhelming for residents. Educational resources are needed to better equip them for handling these stressful situations.

Trends in Costs and Professional Reimbursements for Revision Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: With increasing numbers of revision total hip and total knee arthroplasties (rTHAs and rTKAs), understanding trends in related out-of-pocket (OOP) costs, overall costs, and provider reimbursements is critical to improve patient access to care.

Methods: A large database was used to identify 92,116 patients who underwent rTHA or rTKA between 2009 and 2018. The OOP costs associated with the surgery and related inpatient care were calculated as the sum of copayment, coinsurance, and deductible payments.

Case Report: Multiple colorectal cancers in a patient with Ulcerative colitis and Lynch syndrome: Is there a role for prophylactic colectomy? A short report and review of literature.

It is a known fact that Lynch syndrome (LS) and Ulcerative colitis (UC) are individually associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. While there is no conclusive evidence to demonstrate a cumulative risk when these two conditions coexist, available data suggest early onset and synchronous cancers are synonymous to this group. We have reported an unusual case of multiple synchronous colorectal cancers in a young man with ulcerative colitis and Lynch syndrome also known as Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) gene mutation.

The Association between Social Vulnerability and Frailty in Community Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review.

The aim of this systematic literature review was to determine whether social vulnerability is associated with frailty in older people. Databases were searched for literature from January 2001 to March 2022. Hand searches of reference lists of the selected articles were also used to identify other relevant studies.

Predicting the Severity of Acute Appendicitis in Children Using Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR).

Introduction The ability to predict risk of perforation in acute appendicitis (AA) could direct timely management and reduce morbidity. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are surrogate severity markers in infections. This study investigates the use of PLR and NLR as a marker for distinguishing uncomplicated (UA) and complicated appendicitis (CA) in children.

Investigating the impacts of COVID-19 safety measures and related uncertainties among socially vulnerable groups in Lagos megacity.

The emergence of the unique coronavirus disease (COVID-19), associated safety measures and impacts have been experienced differently across various sociodemographic and livelihood groups. As a result of the impacts of the COVID-19 restrictions, this study examined experiences and livelihood uncertainties from socially vulnerable groups. One hundred and fifty responses (150) were recorded from residents in Iwaya, and Makoko areas within Lagos Mainland Local Government Area of Lagos state.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination site as possible pitfall on somatostatin receptor imaging.

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccination numbers are globally increasing. Therefore, an increased chance exists that patients undergoing Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) or diagnostic radionuclide imaging for Neuroendocrine Tumours (NETs) may have recently received vaccination. We report the imaging findings of two NETs patients, A-following [Lu] Lu-DOTATATE PRRT post therapy planar scintigraphy and single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography (SPECT/CT), and B-following [ Ga]Ga-DOTA-NOC positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) respectively.

Hoop House and Field Evaluation of Tigernut ( L. var. Boeck) Selections in New Jersey, USA.

Tigernut or 'chufa' ( L. var. ) is gaining popularity in the United States as a high energy tuber crop known for sweet and chewy taste, 40-45% gluten-free digestible carbohydrate, high dietary fiber content, healthful fatty acid profile (73% monounsaturated, 18% saturated, 9% polyunsaturated-similar to olive oil), high oleic acid, and high P, K, and vitamins C.

Comparison of Omental Patch Closure Versus Simple Closure for Laparoscopic Repair of Perforated Peptic Ulcer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Aims: To evaluate comparative outcomes of laparoscopic repair of perforated peptic ulcer with omental patch versus without omental patch.

Methods: A systematic search of multiple electronic data sources was conducted, and all studies comparing laparoscopic repair of perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) with and without omental patch were included. Operative time, postoperative complications, re-operation and mortality were the evaluated outcome parameters for the meta-analysis.