A case report on surgical management of glomus tympanicum and literature review.

Introduction: Glomus tympanicum is a benign tumor classified under the group glomus tumors, and is also known as paragangliomas.

Case Presentation: A 52 years old woman presented with unilateral pulsatile tinnitus and hearing loss. She had a visible reddish mass behind the eardrum; Temporal bone CT scans suggested middle ear mass secondary to Glomus Tympanicum tumors.

Impact of alcohol use disorder on antiretroviral therapy adherence in adults with HIV/AIDS at University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia.

Background Alcohol use disorder in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus is an important public health problem associated with high rates of HIV infection and lower antiretroviral treatment adherence. However, little is known about the prevalence of alcohol use disorders and its impact on ART adherence among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the magnitude of alcohol use disorder and its impact on medication adherence among PLWHA attending the ART clinic.

Assessing the prevalence of unused medicines at home and associated factors: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Prescriptions come with extensive instructions on taking medicines but provide little information about the burden of unused medicines. This issue centers around the vast quantities of unused medications accumulated in households. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of unused medicines and associated factors in Gondar City.

Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude of General Practitioners Regarding Autism and Associated Factors at Gondar University Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia.

The neurodevelopmental conditions known as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) start in early childhood and last the entirety of a person's life. They are characterized by distorted social interaction, difficulties communicating, and repetitive, stereotypical behavior. This study sought to evaluate general practitioners (GPs)' attitudes and knowledge of ASDs and related factors at Gondar University Hospital.

Assessing the effectiveness of flipped classroom teaching-learning method among undergraduate medical students at gondar university, college of medicine and health sciences: an interventional study.

Introduction: The flipped classroom teaching-learning method has been increasingly adopted in higher education to enhance student-centered learning. Despite its growing popularity, limited evidence exists regarding its effectiveness in medical education in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the impact of the flipped classroom method on academic performance, student engagement, and satisfaction among undergraduate medical students at Gondar University, College of Medicine and Health Science.

Magnitude of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in governmental health facilities of Shashemene Town, Oromia region, Ethiopia.

Introduction: Anemia during pregnancy is a common issue that significantly affects the health of both the mother and her child. Globally, anemia is a major public health concern, affecting both developing and developed countries, with approximately 1.3 billion people affected.

Utilization of the Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) protocol and associated factors among health care workers in health centers of South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: an institution-based mixed study.

Introduction: Globally, 11 million children have died before reaching their fifth birthday. The introduction of the Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) protocol reduces the morbidity and mortality rates among children under the age of 5. However, the share of neonatal mortality is increasing.

Increasing Incidence of Streptococcus anginosus Group Intracranial Infections Associated With Sinusitis, Otitis Media, and Mastoiditis in Children.

Background: The Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) pathogens have the potential to cause head and neck space infections, including intracranial abscesses. Several centers noted an increase in intracranial abscesses in children during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, prompting a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention health alert in May 2022. We examined the epidemiology of pediatric intracranial abscesses at a tertiary care center with a focus on SAG pre- and post-pandemic.

Fecal Pharmacokinetics and Gut Microbiome Effects of Oral Omadacycline Versus Vancomycin in Healthy Volunteers.

Background: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a common healthcare-associated infection with limited treatment options. Omadacycline, an aminomethylcycline tetracycline, has potent in vitro activity against C difficile and a low propensity to cause CDI in clinical trials. We aimed to assess fecal pharmacokinetics and gut microbiome effects of oral omadacycline compared to oral vancomycin in healthy adults.

Systems analysis reveals differential expression of endocervical genes in African women randomized to DMPA-IM, LNG implant or cu-IUD.

Although effective contraceptives are crucial for preventing unintended pregnancies, evidence suggests that their use may perturb the female genital tract (FGT). A comparative analysis of the effects of the most common contraceptives on the FGT have not been evaluated in a randomized clinical trial setting. Here, we evaluated the effect of three long-acting contraceptive methods: depot medroxyprogesterone acetate(DMPA-IM), levonorgestrel(LNG) implant, and a copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD), on the endocervical host transcriptome in 188 women from the Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes Trial (ECHO) trial.

The Cardiovascular Safety of Five-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors Among Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Five-alpha reductase inhibitors (5αRIs) are used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, the cardiovascular effects of 5αRIs remain poorly understood. The study objective was to compare the rate of hospitalization for heart failure among men with BPH prescribed 5αRIs to that of men with BPH not prescribed BPH medications.

Time to death and its predictors among under-five children on antiretroviral treatment in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, a retrospective follow up study.

Background: Child mortality remains a global public health problem, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. After initiating ART, the mortality rate among HIV-infected children in Ethiopia was 12-17 deaths per 1000 child-year.

Objective: To determine the time to death and its predictors among under-five children on antiretroviral treatment in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from April 12, 2017, to May 12, 2022.

Genetically programmed retinoic acid deficiency during gastrulation phenocopies most known developmental defects due to acute prenatal alcohol exposure in FASD.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) arises from maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy affecting 2%-5% of the Western population. In studies, we showed that alcohol exposure during early gastrulation reduces retinoic acid (RA) levels at this critical embryonic stage inducing craniofacial malformations associated with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. A genetic mouse model that induces a transient RA deficiency in the node during gastrulation is described.

Determining factors of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia: An investigation from the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey.

Background: Neonatal mortality is the probability of dying during the first 28 days of life. Of approximately 5 million children who die in the first year of life in the world, about 3 million are within their first 28 days of birth. In Ethiopia, the neonatal mortality rate is high about 37 per 1000 live births, and the factors are not well documented.

Initiating Intramuscular Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Increases Frequencies of Th17-like Human Immunodeficiency Virus Target Cells in the Genital Tract of Women in South Africa: A Randomized Trial.

Background: Cervicovaginal CD4+ T cells are preferential targets for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and have consequently been used as a proxy measure for HIV susceptibility. The ECHO randomized trial offered a unique opportunity to consider the association between contraceptives and Th17-like cells within a trial designed to evaluate HIV risk. In a mucosal substudy of the ECHO trial, we compared the impact of initiating intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM), copper-IUD, and the levonorgestrel (LNG) implant on cervical T cells.

5-α reductase inhibitors and the risk of anaemia among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A population-based cohort study.

Unlabelled: 5-α reductase inhibitors (5αRIs) are effective for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, 5αRIs could lower levels of haemoglobin, increasing the risk of anaemia. The objective of this study was to compare the rate of anaemia between new users of 5αRIs and α-blockers in the UK.

Sulfonylureas and the Risk of Ventricular Arrhythmias Among People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.

Previous studies have suggested an association between sulfonylureas and an increased risk of cardiovascular death among patients with type 2 diabetes. A potential mechanism involves sulfonylurea-induced ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). We conducted a systematic review of observational studies to determine whether the use of sulfonylureas, compared with the use of other antihyperglycemic drugs, is associated with the risk of VA (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and premature ventricular complexes), cardiac arrest, and sudden cardiac death among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Hypertensive Patients: A Case Study of Jimma University Medical Center.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Globally an estimated 17.9 million people died from cardiovascular diseases, which covers 31% of all global deaths, and the three quarters taking place in developing countries.

Partitioning of Proteins and Anti-Nutrients in Cassava ( Crantz) Leaf Processing Fractions after Mechanical Extraction and Ultrafiltration.

Cassava plays a major role in improving food security and reducing malnutrition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of mechanical pressing coupled with ultrafiltration (UF) on the quality of different fractions of cassava leaves. Cassava leaves harvested from the greenhouse at the University of Hohenheim were passed through a mechanical screw press to extract the juice and separate the press cake.

Firibastat: A Novel Brain Aminopeptidase Inhibitor - A New Era of Antihypertensive therapy.

Global incidence and prevalence of hypertension continues to increase and remains a significant challenge. The ever-increasing number of cases are due to comorbid conditions such as obesity and diabetes, as well as lifestyle indiscretions such as excessive salt intake. Hypertension, congestive heart failure, and kidney disease are all conditions resulting from abnormal Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone activation and adverse remodeling.

An updated review on the effects of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate on the mucosal biology of the female genital tract.

Background: Access to safe, effective, and affordable contraception is important for women's health and essential to mitigate maternal and fetal mortality rates. The progestin-based contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a popular contraceptive choice with a low failure rate and convenient administration schedule.

Aim: In this review, we compiled observational data from human cohorts that examine how DMPA influences the mucosal biology of the female genital tract (FGT) that are essential in maintaining vaginal health, including resident immune cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines, epithelial barrier function, and the vaginal microbiome MATERIALS AND METHODS: This review focused on the recent published literature published in 2019 and 2020.

Review of characterization, factors, impacts, and solutions of Lake eutrophication: lesson for lake Tana, Ethiopia.

Lake eutrophication and water quality deterioration have become a major environmental problem in urban areas and fertilized basins in developing countries across the world. This paper reviews the characterization, driving factors, and impacts of lake eutrophication as well as the mechanism of preventing and recovering lake eutrophication with case studies of eutrophic lakes across the world including Lake Tana, Ethiopia. In most waterbodies including lakes and reservoirs, total phosphorus concentration, chlorophyll a concentration, and Secchi disk visibility in association with species composition are the common criteria to classify lakes and reservoir as oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and eutrophic.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Background: People with type 2 diabetes are at greater risk for infections than those without type 2 diabetes. Our objective was to examine the association between type 2 diabetes and the risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, ProQuest theses and dissertations, Global Health, the Global Index Medicus of the World Health Organization, and Google Scholar.