Use of anti-Müllerian hormone for understanding ovulatory dysfunction in polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Purpose Of Review: The aim of this review is to understand how anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) contributes to ovulatory dysfunction in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Recent Findings: In the last few years, new findings have emerged on AMH and its role on the central nervous system causing ovulatory dysfunction.

Summary: Anovulation is a prominent feature of PCOS.

Extraterrestrial Gynecology: Could Spaceflight Increase the Risk of Developing Cancer in Female Astronauts? An Updated Review.

Outer space is an extremely hostile environment for human life, with ionizing radiation from galactic cosmic rays and microgravity posing the most significant hazards to the health of astronauts. Spaceflight has also been shown to have an impact on established cancer hallmarks, possibly increasing carcinogenic risk. Terrestrially, women have a higher incidence of radiation-induced cancers, largely driven by lung, thyroid, breast, and ovarian cancers, and therefore, historically, they have been permitted to spend significantly less time in space than men.

Metabolomic signatures of low- and high-adiposity neonates differ based on maternal BMI.

Maternal obesity [body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m] is associated with greater neonatal adiposity, cord blood (CB) insulin levels, and a proinflammatory phenotype at birth, contributing to risk of future cardiometabolic disease in the offspring. Variation in neonatal adiposity within maternal BMI groups is underappreciated, and it remains unclear whether the metabolic impairments at birth are an outcome of maternal obesity or excess fetal fat accrual. We examined the hypothesis that CB metabolites associated with fetal fat accrual differ between offspring of normal-weight and obese women.

Obesity and IVF: weighing in on the evidence.

Obesity is associated with serious health risks, and its rising prevalence represents a growing public health emergency. Ongoing research into the association of obesity and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes aims to disentangle selective detrimental effects of obesity on the oocyte and the endometrium. More translational studies involving women with severe obesity and in the third-party reproduction setting will help improve the standard of care in the provision of ART services for obese patients.

A comparison of obstetric outcomes in adolescent pregnancies and adult pregnancies.

Adolescent pregnancies are associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes including preeclampsia, preterm birth, and fetal growth restriction compared to adult pregnancies. The purpose of our study is to compare the incidents of obstetric outcomes between the adolescent pregnancies and adult pregnancies. This retrospective case-control study was conducted between January 2013 and January 2018 at Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Gremlin-1 and gremlin-2 levels in polycystic ovary syndrome and their clinical correlations.

Gremlin 1 and 2 regulate oocyte primordial follicle transition in animal models. The main objective of this study is to measure the blood levels of Gremlin 1 and 2 in the women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). We also aimed to evaluate the association of these markers with hormonal and biochemical parameters of PCOS as interrupted folliculogenesis in those women is related to metabolic dysfunction.

Evaluation of ovarian reserve in women with psoriasis.

The aim of this study is to evaluate ovarian reserve in women with psoriasis. Thirty-six women with psoriasis and 36 healthy women were enrolled in this prospective study. On day 3 of the menstrual cycle, blood samples for AMH and other hormones were collected.

Inflammatory marker YKL-40 levels in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is a diagnosis of exclusion and presents with unexplained pruritus, abnormal liver function tests, and increased serum bile acid levels, particularly in the third trimester of pregnancy. Serum YKL-40 levels are increased in liver diseases and our aim was to investigate YKL-40 levels in pregnant women with ICP. 40 women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and 40 healthy pregnant women were included in this cross-sectional study.

Efficacy of chewing gum for improving bowel function after cesarean sections: a randomized controlled trial.

To investigate the effects of chewing xylitol-free gum at different intervals after cesarean sections. One hundred fifty patients undergoing cesarean sections were randomized into a gum chewing group ( = 75) and a control group ( = 75). Patients in the gum group chewed one sugarless gum for 30 min at 3, 5, and 7 h postoperatively.

Oxytocin infusion reduces bleeding during abdominal myomectomies: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of oxytocin infusion to reduce intraoperative bleeding during abdominal myomectomies.

Methods: This randomized, parallel group, blinded study was conducted between October 2017 and May 2018. Patients undergoing abdominal myomectomies were randomized 1:1 either to the oxytocin group or to the control group (saline).

Sexual function after Bartholin gland abscess treatment: A randomized trial of the marsupialization and excision methods.

Objective: To compare sexual function scores in patients who had marsupialization and gland excision procedures for the treatment of Bartholin gland abscesses.

Study Design: Patients who had bartholin abscess for the first time were randomized into marsupialization or gland excision methods. The primary outcome was to compare post surgical Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores between the marsupialization group and the excision group.

Serum caveolin-1 levels in patients with preeclampsia.

The expressions of caveolin-1 have only been examined in the placental tissue of patients with preeclampsia and were reported to be low. Therefore, we decided to investigate the maternal serum levels of caveolin-1 in patients with preeclampsia. This cross-sectional study was conducted including 87 pregnant women; 32 with normal pregnancy and 55 with preeclampsia.

Efficiency of the Foley catheter versus the double balloon catheter during the induction of second trimester pregnancy terminations: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To compare induction-to-delivery intervals of Foley catheters and double balloon catheters in second trimester pregnancy terminations.

Methods: This randomized parallel study was conducted on women who underwent second trimester terminations between December 2016 and December 2017. Pregnant women in the second trimester with a Bishop score < 6 were included in the study.

Can uterocervical angles successfully predict induction of labor in nulliparous women?

Purpose: Induction of labor is a common practice in obstetrics. In recent years, a newer ultrasonographic parameter called the uterocervical angle (UCA) has been identified as a predictive tool for births. Our purpose is to investigate the role of UCA in predicting successful induction of labor.

The impact of subcutaneous irrigation on wound complications after cesarean sections: A prospective randomised study.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of subcutaneous saline irrigation in preventing wound complications after cesarean sections.

Study Design: Patients undergoing primary cesarean sections were randomly assigned to either the subcutaneous saline irrigation group or the control group. The participants were asked to come to the hospital for routine inspection of the skin incision on day 7 and day 30 postoperatively.

Serum procalcitonin levels in incisional surgical site infections requiring a secondary suture after cesarean sections.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) after cesarean section cause maternal morbidity and economic and emotional burdens on society. Our aim is to measure procalcitonin (PCT) levels in patients who developed incisional SSIs after cesarean section while also comparing PCT concentrations between patients who underwent a secondary suture and who did not require a secondary suture. Ninety-four patients who developed incisional SSI after cesarean section were enrolled in our study.

Comparison of antagonist mild and long agonist protocols in terms of follicular fluid total antioxidant capacity.

Objective: A high dose of prolonged gonadotropins can yield higher numbers of oocytes and embryos. The high dose or prolonged regimens can be associated with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), multiple gestations, emotional stress, economical burden and treatment dropout. In mild stimulation lower doses and shorter duration times of gonadotropin are used in contrast to the conventional long stimulation protocol in IVF.

Serum AMH levels and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

Objective: To compare the serum AMH levels between women with and without insulin resistance (IR) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Study Design: 293 women with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria were enrolled into our study. Insulin resistance was diagnosed according to the Homeostatic model assessment insulin resistant (HOMA-IR) formula and the cut-off point was set to more than 2.

Postoperative pain and neuropathy after caesarean operation featuring blunt or sharp opening of the fascia: a randomised, parallel group, double-blind study.

The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative pain and neuropathy after primary caesarean sections with either blunt or sharp fascial expansions. A total of 123 women undergoing primary caesarean sections were included in the study. The sharp group had 61 patients, and the blunt group had 62.

Comparing success rates of the Hayman compression suture and the Bakri balloon tamponade.

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality around the world. Medical treatments and uterus-sparing interventions including balloon tamponades and compression sutures are the first line options before the decision is made to perform a hysterectomy. Our aim is to compare the success rates of the Hayman compression suture and the Bakri balloon tamponade (BBT) in patients with PPH.

The predictive nature of uterocervical angles in the termination of second trimester pregnancy.

Aim: To establish how useful and the predictive capacity of uterocervical angles (UCA) in the termination of second trimester pregnancies.

Material And Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary center with a total of 120 singleton pregnancies delivered between 14 and 24 gestational weeks. Before the beginning of misoprostol induction, patients were screened for both cervical length (CL) and uterocervical angles (UCA).

Omission of a Bladder Flap during Cesarean Birth in Primiparous Women.

Aims: Creation of a bladder flap has traditionally been an integral surgical step of Cesarean birth, and the practicality of such a procedure to create a bladder flap is still highly debated.

Methods: A total of 208 patients undergoing a primary cesarean birth were randomized. Group 1 (bladder flap) had 101 patients and group 2 (omission of a bladder flap) had 100 patients.