Sono-oxidative desulfurization of fuels using heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts: A comprehensive review.

Recently, environmental pollution has increased significantly due to petroleum-based fuels widely used in vehicles. This environmental pollution is mainly due to the acidic SO gas generated by the combustion of fuels and emitted into the atmosphere. SO gas causes not only acid rain but also corrosion of metal parts of engines in vehicles.

Spectral characterization and antimicrobial activity of 2-(5-chloro/nitro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-bromo/nitro-phenols and their zinc(II) complexes.

2-(5-Chloro/nitro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-bromo/nitro-phenols (HL(x); x=1-4) and their complexes with zinc(II)nitrate have been synthesized and characterized. In the tetrahedral mononuclear complexes, the ligands are bidentate, via the imine nitrogen and the phenolate oxygen atoms. The structures of the complexes were confirmed on the basis of elemental analysis, molar conductivity, TGA, FT-IR, NMR, mass and UV-vis spectroscopy.

Synthesis, spectral characterisation of 2-(5-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-bromo/nitro-phenols and their complexes with zinc(II) ion, and solvent effect on complexation.

2-(5-Methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-bromo/nitro-phenols (HLBr and HLNO2) and their Zn(II) complexes with ZnX2 (X = Cl, I, NO3) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectra. The OH proton appears near the NH protons in the 1H NMR spectra of the ligands because of the strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the OH hydrogen and the C=N nitrogen atoms. The complexation is investigated in ethanol and isopropanol and it is observed that isopropanol is a better solvent than ethanol for the complex forming.