Noninvasive amino acid turnover predicts human embryo aneuploidy.

Assisted reproduction technology has two significant problems: low success rates and multiple pregnancies. Because of these problems, the priority in IVF clinics is to develop a potential diagnostic test that can be used to select the embryos with the ultimate developmental competence. Aneuploidy screening as embryo selection criteria will ensure that the transferred embryos are euploid and high implantation rate.

Epidemiological aspects of the outcomes from the treatment of endometriosis: Experience from two different geographical areas.

The purpose of the present study was two-fold: First to review the epidemiological aspects of the experience on the surgical outcomes via laparotomy or laparoscopy, as regards endometriosis from two different academic institutions and, second, to illustrate potential differences in two different geographical areas, New Haven (US) and Greece. This retrospective study included 1,200 patients (15-80 years of age) treated via laparotomy or laparoscopy, at two different institutions, for endometriosis, between 1990 and 2017. Data were collected and analyzed from medical and pathological reports.

Long-term GnRH agonist therapy before in vitro fertilisation (IVF) for improving fertility outcomes in women with endometriosis.

Background: Endometriosis is known to have an impact on fertility and it is common for women affected by endometriosis to require fertility treatments, including in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), to improve the chance of pregnancy. It has been postulated that long-term gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist therapy prior to IVF or ICSI can improve pregnancy outcomes. This systematic review supersedes the previous Cochrane Review on this topic (Sallam 2006).

Retrospective evaluation of pathological results among women with ovarian endometriomas versus teratomas.

The coexistence of endometrioma with dermoid cyst of the ovaries is an unusual entity, although they are both common and benign gynecological tumors. The present study aimed to investigate the association between ovarian dermoid cyst (teratoma) and endometrioma. We retrospectively, included 315 women with endometrioma and 172 with ovarian teratoma.

Keeping an Eye on Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Endometriosis.

: We aimed to describe and review the epidemiological aspect of the disease pattern of a series of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with a histology confirmation of endometriosis. : We retrospectively examined the clinical records of 184 perimenopausal and 46 postmenopausal women with endometriosis. Data were collected and analyzed from 1100 patients' charts with confirmed endometriosis and involved cases from two different geographical areas, New Haven (US) and Greece.

Association between ovarian cancer and advanced endometriosis.

We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological data in two different countries over the past years on the association between ovarian endometriosis and ovarian carcinoma. Medical and pathological reports were evaluated from 1,000 patients with endometriosis from two different geographical areas. The prevalence and women characteristics of cases were analyzed.

Tumor necrosis factor alfa and interleukin 1 alfa induced phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory kappa B alpha are regulated by estradiol in endometrial cells.

Objective: When bound to the inhibitory kappa B (IкB) protein, the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-кB) remains inactively in the cytoplasm. Activated NF-кB upregulates the gene expression of many chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin (IL)-8. We hypothesized that estrogen may regulate IкB phosphorylation and degradation thus influencing NF-кB-dependent gene expression.

Co-existence of benign gynecological tumors with endometriosis in a group of 1,000 women.

The purpose of this study was two-fold, first to investigate the association between endometriosis and the risk of benign gynecologic tumors and, secondly, to evaluate the distribution of endometrioma and ovarian cysts in women with endometriosis. The medical and pathological reports of 1,000 women with endometriosis were retrospectively reviewed. The incidence of ovarian cysts, uterine leiomyomas and adenomyosis, as well as the side of ovarian cysts were further compared.

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 triggers angiogenesis in human ectopic endometrial implants by inducing angioblast differentiation and proliferation.

Problem: The role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2-mediated angiogenesis during endometriotic nidation is unknown. We posit that ERK1/2-induced angioblast differentiation and proliferation promotes ectopic endometrial angiogenesis.

Methods Of Study: Human eutopic and ectopic endometria were immunostained for total- (T-) or phosphorylated- (P-) ERK1/2 or double-immunostained for P-ERK1/2-CD34 and PCNA-CD34.

Genetic association study in a three-generation family with seven members with endometriosis.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), associated with endometriosis, may confer new insight towards a genotype‑phenotype association with endometriosis. We studied a three-generation family with seven women who had endometriosis. Blood specimens were obtained from all the affected female family members.

Extra pelvic endometriosis: Retrospective analysis on 200 cases in two different countries.

Objective(s): The purpose of the study was to review patients' characteristics and the location of extrapelvic endometriosis.

Study Design: Out of 1000 women with endometriosis during a 20year period, we found 200 cases with extra pelvic endometriosis. Medical reports were evaluated and the diagnosis was confirmed on the pathological specimen.

p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis by Modulating Inflammation, but not Cell Survival.

Background: Local pro-inflammatory environment and enhanced cell survival contribute to the endometriosis development. A serine/threonine kinase p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) mediates intracellular signaling of cytokine production, cell proliferation, and apoptosis in different cell types. The current study compares p38 MAPK activity in normal endometrium and endometriosis, and assesses role(s) of p38 MAPK on cytokine production and cell survival in endometriosis.

Endometriosis in Adolescent and Young Girls: Report on a Series of 55 Cases.

Study Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate endometriosis in adolescent and young girls and further to review the menstrual, reproductive characteristics, and risk factors.

Design And Setting: We reviewed the medical records of adolescent and young girls with endometriosis from 2 different countries. Data were collected and analyzed from charts of 900 patients with endometriosis.

Increased expression of integrin-linked kinase during decidualization regulates the morphological transformation of endometrial stromal cells.

Objective: To study the impact of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) during decidualization.

Design: Laboratory study with the use of human endometrium.

Setting: University hospital.

Decreased Endometrial Expression of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor Disrupts the STAT3 Signaling in Adenomyosis During the Implantation Window.

Background: Adenomyosis was found to have negative impacts on embryo implantation. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), proposed to be a molecular marker for endometrial receptivity, works through the LIF receptor (LIFR) on both the embryo and the endometrium. We aimed to evaluate the endometrial expression of LIF and LIFR and its subsequent signaling in patients with adenomyosis during the window of implantation (WOI).

The emerging role of angiogenic factor dysregulation in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in reproductive age affecting 5 to 7% of women. It is characterized by anovulatory infertility, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. Angiogenesis in the ovary is critical for follicular growth, ovulation, and the subsequent development and regression of the corpus luteum.

Unfolded protein response prevents blastocyst formation during preimplantation embryo development in vitro.

Objective: To study the effect of increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as a major nongenomic mechanism for arrested blastocyst development.

Design: Cell and animal study.

Setting: The Ohio State University and Yale University.

Genistein inhibits cell proliferation and stimulates apoptosis in human coronary artery endothelial cells.

Background/aims: Isoflavone genistein is a plant-derived compound structurally similar to estradiol, which behaves weakly estrogenic or anti-estrogenic in a cell- and concentration-dependent manner. Genistein has been hypothesized to have beneficial effects on vascular diseases, although the mechanism has been unclear. Here, we investigated whether genistein may play a role in atherogenesis by regulating human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC) survival.

Peritoneal fluid concentrations of β-chemokines in endometriosis.

Objective: To examine whether the levels of MCP-1, RANTES and MCP-3 in the peritoneal fluid correlate with endometriosis.

Study Design: Patients with endometriosis were compared with controls.

Setting: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Statins inhibit monocyte chemotactic protein 1 expression in endometriosis.

Statins are potent inhibitors of the endogenous mevalonate pathway. Besides inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis, statins may also demonstrate anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation is implicated in the attachment and invasion of endometrial cells to the peritoneal surface and growth of ectopic endometrium by inducing proliferation and angiogenesis.

Expression and activation of the membrane-cytoskeleton protein ezrin during the normal endometrial cycle.

Objective: To examine total ezrin expression (ezrin and phospho-ezrin) through the normal endometrial cycle and to correlate ezrin activation and localization with cytologic changes.

Design: Experimental laboratory study.

Setting: University medical centers.

A comparison between follitropin α filled by mass and follitropin a filled by bioassay in the same egg donors.

This study assessed the ovarian stimulation characteristics of recombinant follitropin a filled by mass (rFSH-fbm) versus recombinant follitropin a filled by conventional bioassay (rFSH-bio) in the same egg donor patients. Eleven egg donors, who had two ovarian stimulation cycles for oocyte retrieval (total of 23 cycles), one with rFSH-bio (Gonal-f Multidose®) and the second one with rFSH-fbm (Gonal-f® RFF), were evaluated. The protocol of ovarian stimulation was exactly the same in both cycles, consisting of GnRH suppression (luteal phase) followed by exclusive stimulation with rFSH.

Bidirectional interaction between unfolded-protein-response key protein HSPA5 and estrogen signaling in human endometrium.

The human endometrium is a dynamic tissue that undergoes cyclic changes under the influence of steroid hormones as well as numerous local paracrine and autocrine factors. Heat shock 70 kDa protein (HSPA5; also known as GRP78/BiP), a molecular chaperone within the endoplasmic reticulum, plays crucial roles in normal cellular processes as well as in stress conditions, in which it is a central regulator for the unfolded protein response (UPR). We hypothesized that HSPA5 expression level is variable throughout the menstrual cycle in human endometrium and that estrogen signaling cross-talks with UPR signaling by interacting with HSPA5.