Improvement of electro-Fenton process by using heterogeneous Fe-MIL-88B nanocatalyst and simultaneous rotation of cathode and anode for dye removal.

In this study, improvement of the electro-Fenton process using Fe-MIL-88B along with the innovation in the reactor with the simultaneous rotation of the cathodes and anodes was carried out to remove Acid Blue 25. For this purpose, the Fe-MIL-88B nanocatalyst was synthesised by the thermal solvent method and was characterised by FT-IR, EDAX, XRD, and FESEM. For the experiments, an electrochemical cell with a useful volume of 1 L and rotating cathodes and anodes were used and nanoparticles were added to the system as a slurry.

Using green nanocomposite containing eggshell in the electroperoxone process in a baffled reactor to remove the emerging tetracycline pollutant.

This study examined the eradication of Tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) antibiotic, an emerging pollutant, by utilizing eggshell membrane activated carbon (EMAC) and magnetite (FeO) nanocomposite in conjunction with the electroperoxone process employing the One Factor at a Time method (OFAT) in a baffled reactor. The nanocomposite was synthesized through the hydrothermal method using an autoclave, and its properties were assessed via XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDAX Mapping, BET, and VSM analyses. The findings revealed that under optimal conditions (including a pollutant concentration of 300 mg/L, a natural pH of 6.

A mathematical model of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Methanobrevibacter smithii, and Eubacterium rectale interactions in the human gut.

The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that affects a range of human physiology. In order to explore the dynamics of the human gut microbiota, we used a system of ordinary differential equations to model mathematically the biomass of three microorganism populations: Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Eubacterium rectale, and Methanobrevibacter smithii. Additionally, we modeled the concentrations of relevant nutrients necessary to sustain these populations over time.

Efficient Removal of Antimony(V) from Antimony Mine Wastewater by Micrometer Zero-Valent Iron.

This paper investigates the effectiveness of two commercial micron zero-valent irons (mZVIs) in removing Sb(V) from antimony mine wastewater. The wastewater contains a range of complex components and heavy metal ions, including As(V), which can impact the removal efficiency of mZVI. The study aims to provide insights into actual working conditions and focuses on influencing factors and standard conditions.

"The great source" microplastic abundance and characteristics along the river Thames.

This study focused on quantifying the abundance of microplastics within the surface water of the River Thames, UK. Ten sites in eight areas were sampled within the tidal Thames, starting from Teddington and ending at Southend-on-Sea. Three litres of water was collected monthly at high tide from land-based structures from each site from May 2019 to May 2021.

Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on microplastic abundance along the River Thames.

In April 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic changed human behaviour worldwide, creating an increased demand for plastic, especially single-use plastic in the form of personal protective equipment. The pandemic also provided a unique situation for plastic pollution studies, especially microplastic studies. This study looks at the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and three national lockdowns on microplastic abundance at five sites along the river Thames, UK, compared to pre-Covid-19 levels.

Using a promising biomass-based biochar in photocatalytic degradation: highly impressive performance of RHB/SnO/FeO for elimination of AO7.

The release of industrial dyes into the environment has recently increased, resulting in harmful effects on people and ecosystems. In recent years, the use of adsorbents in photocatalytic nanocomposites has attracted significant interest due to their low cost, efficiency, and eco-friendly physical and chemical characteristics. Herein, Acid Orange 7 (AO7) removal was investigated by photocatalytic degradation using Rice Rusk Biochar (RHB), Tin (IV) Oxide (SnO), and Iron Oxide (FeO) as heterogeneous nanocomposite.

Microplastics in urban waters and its effects on microbial communities: a critical review.

Microplastic (MP) pollution is one of the emerging threats to the water and terrestrial environment, forcing a new environmental challenge due to the growing trend of plastic released into the environment. Synthetic and non-synthetic plastic components can be found in rivers, lakes/reservoirs, oceans, mountains, and even remote areas, such as the Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets. MPs' main challenge is identifying, measuring, and evaluating their impacts on environmental behaviors, such as carbon and nutrient cycles, water and wastewater microbiome, and the associated side effects.

Simultaneous and sequential combination of electrocoagulation and ozonation by Al and Fe electrodes for DirectBlue71 treatment in a new reactor: Synergistic effect and kinetics study.

In this study, the simultaneous combination of electrocoagulation and ozonation (EC-O) was optimized in a new reactor for Direct Blue 71 treatment and compared to electrocoagulation (EC), ozonation (O), and their sequential combination (EC→O) by considering the performance criteria (dye and naphthalene ring removal efficiency), economic assessment (energy and anode consumption), chemical degradability, mineralization rate, and kinetic study. Applying a middle wall in the reactor improved coagulation under ozone-induced rapid mixing on the first side and flocculation under flow-induced slow mixing on the other side which reduced the floc breakage at high ozone dosages. Dye, COD, and TOC removal rate was in the following order: EC(Al)-O>EC(Fe)-O>EC(Al)→O>EC(Fe)→O>EC(Al)>EC(Fe)>O.

Investigating the effect of hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor in increasing the capability of slurry photocatalytic process in dye removal.

The hydrogen peroxide role in photocatalytic degradation of an anionic azo dye, Acid Orange 7 (AO7), was investigated in a slurry reactor. Commercial ZnO nanoparticles with an average size between 10 to 30 nm were used as catalysts. Optimum conditions for different parameters, including dye concentration (10-100 mg/L), catalyst concentration (0.

Enhancement of the electro-activated persulfate process in dye removal using graphene oxide nanoparticle.

This study aimed to improve the speed of the electrochemical process by graphene oxide nanoparticle as a current accelerator in Acid Blue 25 removal from aqueous solutions. To do so, the effect of different parameters including pH, dye concentration, sodium persulfate concentration, the ratio of sodium persulfate to iron (II) sulfate concentration, current density, and the distance between electrodes was investigated on dye removal. Under optimal conditions of pH = 5, dye concentration = 200 mg/L, sodium persulfate concentration = 500 mg/L, iron (II) sulfate concentration = 100 mg/L, current density = 16.

Improving Fe-based heterogeneous Electro-Fenton nano catalyst using transition metals in a novel orbiting electrodes reactor.

In recent decades the electro-Fenton process has widely been utilized for removing recalcitrant compounds. However, this process is accompanied by several problems such as limited working pH range, production of significant amount of iron sludge, and incapability in reusing used iron ions. Hence, the heterogeneous electro-Fenton process is a convenient way to address these problems.

Acid Orange 7 treatment and fate by electro-peroxone process using novel electrode arrangement.

Electro-peroxone is a novel advanced oxidation process that surpasses ozonation or peroxone because of its advantages. In this technology, combining ozone and hydrogen peroxide generated electrochemically leads to the production of hydroxyl radicals, which are the strongest oxidizing agents. In this study, a cylindrical reactor with a continuous circular flow using novel arrangements of electrodes was used to examine the effects of variant parameters on dye removal efficiency.

Considerations for Modeling Proteus mirabilis Swarming.

In this chapter we provide some initial guidance to experimentalists on how they might go about creating mathematical representations of their systems under study. Because the interests and goals of different researchers can differ, we try to provide broad instruction on the creation and use of mathematical models. We provide a brief overview of some modeling that has been done with Proteus mirabilis colonies, and discuss the goals of modeling.

Ecological role of GSN3 in natural biofilm formation and its advantages in bioremediation.

This study assessed the role of a new strain, GSN3, with biofilm-forming and phenol-degrading abilities. Three biofilm reactors were spiked with activated sludge (R1), green fluorescent plasmid (GFP) tagged GSN3 (R2), and their combination (R3). More than 99% phenol removal was achieved during four weeks in R3 while this efficiency was reached after two and four further operational weeks in R2 and R1, respectively.

Kinetic study on photocatalytic degradation of Acid Orange 52 in a baffled reactor using TiO nanoparticles.

In this study, a baffled photocatalytic reactor was used for the treatment of colored wastewater containing the azo dye of Acid Orange 52 (AO52). A study on the active species of the photocatalytic process using TiO nanoparticles indicated that hydroxyl radical and superoxide have the greatest contribution to the dye degradation process respectively. Given that a level of biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand (BOD/COD) equal to 0.

Modeling the Effects of Multiple Myeloma on Kidney Function.

Multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell cancer, is associated with many health challenges, including damage to the kidney by tubulointerstitial fibrosis. We develop a mathematical model which captures the qualitative behavior of the cell and protein populations involved. Specifically, we model the interaction between cells in the proximal tubule of the kidney, free light chains, renal fibroblasts, and myeloma cells.

Simultaneous immobilization of heavy metals in soil environment by pulp and paper derived nanoporous biochars.

Background: Biochars are the new generation of sustainable soil amendments which may be applied both to fertilize and remediate the impacted soils. The aim of current research has been synthesis and characterization of pulp and paper-derived biochars and determination of their mechanisms in simultaneous immobilization of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, and Zn) within contaminated soil. In a novel attempt, three different solid wastes of Mazandaran Wood and Paper Industries (barks and effluent sludge) were utilized to produce biochars.

Highly efficient phenol degradation in a batch moving bed biofilm reactor: benefiting from biofilm-enhancing bacteria.

In this study, the efficiency improvement of three moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) was investigated by inoculation of activated sludge cells (R1), mixed culture of eight strong phenol-degrading bacteria consisted of Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. (R2) and the combination of both (R3).

Fractionation and leaching of heavy metals in soils amended with a new biochar nanocomposite.

In this study, surface soils of the Bama Pb-Zn mine-impacted area were sampled for an area surrounding the mineral processing plant. After collecting 65 samples and analyzing them for initial Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd metal contents, the area was zonated based on the concentration distribution using ordinary kriging in R. A single homogenous sample was prepared by mixing equal weights of each sample as being representative of the whole impacted area (S).

Modeling the effect of blunt impact on mitochondrial function in cartilage: implications for development of osteoarthritis.

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease characterized by degeneration of joint cartilage. It is associated with pain and disability and is the result of either age and activity related joint wear or an injury. Non-invasive treatment options are scarce and prevention and early intervention methods are practically non-existent.

Linking Cellular and Mechanical Processes in Articular Cartilage Lesion Formation: A Mathematical Model.

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis affects almost 20% of the adult US population. An injurious impact applies a significant amount of physical stress on articular cartilage and can initiate a cascade of biochemical reactions that can lead to the development of osteoarthritis. In our effort to understand the underlying biochemical mechanisms of this debilitating disease, we have constructed a multiscale mathematical model of the process with three components: cellular, chemical, and mechanical.

Mathematics as a conduit for translational research in post-traumatic osteoarthritis.

Biomathematical models offer a powerful method of clarifying complex temporal interactions and the relationships among multiple variables in a system. We present a coupled in silico biomathematical model of articular cartilage degeneration in response to impact and/or aberrant loading such as would be associated with injury to an articular joint. The model incorporates fundamental biological and mechanical information obtained from explant and small animal studies to predict post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) progression, with an eye toward eventual application in human patients.

Complementary models reveal cellular responses to contact stresses that contribute to post-traumatic osteoarthritis.

Two categories of joint overloading cause post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA): single acute traumatic loads/impactions and repetitive overloading due to incongruity/instability. We developed and refined three classes of complementary models to define relationships between joint overloading and progressive cartilage loss across the spectrum of acute injuries and chronic joint abnormalities: explant and whole joint models that allow probing of cellular responses to mechanical injury and contact stresses, animal models that enable study of PTOA pathways in living joints and pre-clinical testing of treatments, and patient-specific computational models that define the overloading that causes OA in humans. We coordinated methodologies across models so that results from each informed the others, maximizing the benefit of this complementary approach.

MBBR system performance improvement for petroleum hydrocarbon removal using modified media with activated carbon.

Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system has a successful operation in the treatment of different types of wastewater. Since the media, i.e.