Fucoxanthin alleviates the cytotoxic effects of cadmium and lead on a human osteoblast cell line.

Objective: Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are non-biodegradable heavy metals (HMs) that persistently contaminate ecosystems and accumulate in bones, where they exert harmful effects. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of fucoxanthin (FX) against the chemical toxicity induced by Cd and Pb in human bone osteoblasts in vitro, using various biochemical and molecular assays.

Methods: The effect of metals and FX on osteoblasts viability was assayed by MTT, then the effect of Pb, Cd, and FX on the cells' mitochondrial parameters was studied via assays for ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial complexes, and lactate production.

Neurotoxic mechanisms of dexamethasone in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: Insights into bioenergetics, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.

Despite the known therapeutic uses of dexamethasone (DEX), the specific mechanisms underlying its neurotoxic effects in neuronal cells, particularly in undifferentiated human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells, remain inadequately understood. This study aims to elucidate these mechanisms, emphasizing bioenergetics, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, thereby providing novel insights into the cellular vulnerabilities induced by chronic DEX exposure. The findings revealed significant reductions in cell viability, altered membrane integrity with LDH leakage, decreased intracellular ATP production, and the electron transport chain complexes I and III activity inhibition.

Risperidone-induced bioenergetic disruption in the isolated human peripheral blood monocytes.

Risperidone (RIS) is a widely used antipsychotic drug with reported alteration in immune response. The current study investigated mitochondrial disruption as the underlying mechanism of RIS-induced immunotoxicity in isolated human peripheral blood monocytes (hPBM). RIS was cytotoxic to hPBM in exposure duration and concentration-dependent patterns.

Vitamin D Alleviates Heavy Metal-Induced Cytotoxic Effects on Human Bone Osteoblasts Via the Induction of Bioenergetic Disruption, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis.

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are heavy metals (HMs) that persistently contaminate the ecosystem, and bioaccumulation in bones is a health concern. We used biochemical and molecular assays to assess the cytoprotective effect of vitamin D (VD) on Cd- and Pd-induced chemical toxicity of human bone osteoblasts in vitro. Exposing Cd and Pb to human osteoblast cultures at concentrations of 0.

Bioenergetics disruption, oxidative stress, and inflammation as underlying mechanisms of tramadol-induced nephrotoxicity.

Tramadol (TR), a commonly prescribed pain reliever for moderate to severe pain, has been associated with kidney damage. This study investigates TR-induced nephrotoxicity mechanisms, focusing on its effects on renal proximal tubular cells (PTCs). The study findings demonstrate that TR disrupts PTC bioenergetic processes, leading to oxidative stress and inflammation.

Current genetic models for studying congenital heart diseases: Advantages and disadvantages.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) encompasses a diverse range of structural and functional anomalies that affect the heart and the major blood vessels. Epidemiological studies have documented a global increase in CHD prevalence, which can be attributed to advancements in diagnostic technologies. Extensive research has identified a plethora of CHD-related genes, providing insights into the biochemical pathways and molecular mechanisms underlying this pathological state.

Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine and S-adenosyl-Lmethionine against nephrotoxicity and immunotoxicity induced by ochratoxin A in rats.

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the nephroprotective and immunoprotective effects of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) in comparison to N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against ochratoxin A (OTA) - intoxication.

Methods: Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were categorized into four groups: Control; OTA intoxication (5 mg OTA/kg diet); OTA + NAC, rats received 200 mg NAC/day before feeding balanced diet contaminated with OTA; and (OTA + SAMe). Rats received 200 mg SAMe/day dissolved in distilled water orally just before feeding a balanced diet contaminated with OTA.

Genetic Variants in the Mitochondrial Thymidylate Biosynthesis Pathway Increase Colorectal Cancer Risk.

We assess the contributions of genetic variants for the enzymes involved in capecitabine metabolism to colorectal cancer (CRC) development risk. In this case-control study, DNA samples were collected from 66 patients (King Abdulaziz University Hospital) and 65 controls (King Fahad General Hospital) between April and November 2022 to be used in PCR-RFLP. The chi-square (χ) test at a significance level of ˂ 0.

5‑Fluorouracil and capecitabine therapies for the treatment of colorectal cancer (Review).

Although 5‑fluorouracil (5‑FU)‑based chemotherapy is the major treatment for colorectal cancer, it has disadvantages such as systemic toxicity, lack of effectiveness and selectivity, and development of resistance. Capecitabine, a prodrug form of 5‑FU, was designed to overcome these drawbacks, to fulfill the need for more convenient therapy, and to improve safety, tolerability and intratumor drug concentration levels through a tumor‑specific conversion to the active 5‑FU drug. The purpose of the present review is to provide a comprehensive comparison between 5‑FU therapy and capecitabine.

Mitochondrial disruption in isolated human monocytes: an underlying mechanism for cadmium-induced immunotoxicity.

Cadmium (Cd) is an immunotoxic metal frequently found in the environment. The study undertaken here evaluated the immunotoxic effects of Cd in isolated human peripheral blood monocytes (hPBM). The results of the studies of exposures to varying doses of Cd (0, 0.

General insight into cancer: An overview of colorectal cancer (Review).

Cancer is currently among the leading causes of mortality globally. Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks second among the most common types of cancer in terms of mortality worldwide. This type of cancer arises from mutations in the colonic and rectal epithelial tissues that target oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and genes related to DNA repair mechanisms.

High Expression of Pd-1 in Circulating Cells of Patients With Advanced Colorectal Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Therapy.

Among all cancer types, colorectal cancer is the third most common in men and the second most common in women globally. Generally, the risk of colorectal cancer increases with age, and colorectal cancer is modulated by various genetic alterations. Alterations in the immune response serve a significant role in the development of colorectal cancer.

and Variants of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Increase the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in a Saudi Population.

Background: Polymorphisms in the gene encoding the vitamin D receptor (VDR) affect the protective role of vitamin D against many types of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC).

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of four major polymorphisms of the gene (, , and ) on the risk of CRC in a Saudi population.

Materials And Methods: This case-control study recruited 132 CRC patients from the oncology clinics at King Abdulaziz University Hospital and 124 healthy controls from the blood bank at King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between September 2017 and August 2018.

Association between polymorphisms and XELIRI and XELOX chemoresistance in Saudi patients with colorectal cancer.

Multidrug resistance member 1 (MDR1) is located on chromosome 7 and encodes P-glycoprotein, which is universally accepted as a drug resistance biomarker. polymorphisms can alter protein expression or function, which has been previously reported to associate with various types of malignancies, such as colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effects of polymorphisms on drug responses of Saudi patients with CRC.

Increased expressions of cellular ATP-binding cassette transporters may be a promising diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer.

Objectives: To measure the blood expression levels of related drug-resistant ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and to assess these examined transporters for whether they present signi cant expression in connection with the tumor appearance of CRC.

Methods: In this case-control study, the messenger ribonucleic acids were isolated from the blood of 62 CRC patients who were recruited from King Abdulaziz University Hospital Oncology Clinic and 46 controls from King Fahad General Hospital Blood Bank (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia) from September 2016 to March 2017. The Biomedical Ethics Unit at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia approved this study.

Genetic influence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms on osteoporosis risk.

Objective: Osteoporosis is the most common type of bone disorder characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD). It is a multifactorial disease and caused by the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. It has been reported that mutations in the vitamin D receptor () gene highly affect the metabolism of minerals, which reduces bone density.

variants C3435T and T129C are not associated with colorectal cancer risk.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers in Saudi Arabia that is highly characterized with poor survival rate and advanced metastasis. Many studies contribute this poor outcome to the expression of ABC transporters on the surface of cancer cells.

Objectives: In this study, two variants, C3435T and T129C, were examined to evaluate their contribution to CRC risk.

Serum vitamin D receptor (VDR) levels as a potential diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and there has been a significant increase in the incidence of CRC in recent decades. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify blood biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis. It is not yet clear whether the level of vitamin D and its receptor, vitamin D receptor (VDR), in the blood are helpful factors in the diagnosis of CRC.

Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of the natural alkaline water (Zamzam) in breast cancer cell line MCF-7.

Background: Zamzam water (ZW) is a natural alkaline water that contains several minerals that may represent a powerful tool for cancer therapy.

Objectives: In this research, in vitro antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of ZW were investigated in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted between January 2015 and February 2016.

Relationship between Serum Vitamin D and Calcium Levels and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Many epidemiological studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with various types of human cancers. The biological action of vitamin D and its metabolites is mediated by the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR). The gene is highly expressed in the colon and is involved in many biological functions.

Genetic variants of calcium sensing receptor gene and risk of colorectal cancer: A case-control study.

Objectives: To determine the role of two genetic variants, (rs3804594) and (rs1801725), in calcium sensing receptor () gene with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in patients visited King Abdulaziz University hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted, by commercial DNA extraction kit, from whole blood of 100 CRC patients and 124 controls who visited KAUH from January 2016 to September 2016. Then genotype and allele distributions of both variants were determined by PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing techniques.

Novel association between heterozygous genotype of single nucleotide polymorphism C218T in drug transporter ABCC1 gene and increased risk of colon cancer.

To determine the role of G128C and C218T variants in ABCC1 gene with the risk of developing colon cancer in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 51 colon cancer patients and 65 controls from King Abdulaziz University Hospital and King Abdullah Medical City in the period from January 2015 to April 2017, and was approved by the Unit of Biomedical Ethics (no: 261-15). Experiments were performed in the experimental biochemistry unit at King Fahd Medical Research Center.

In Vitro Cytotoxic and Anticancer Effects of Zamzam Water in Human Lung Cancer (A594) Cell Line.

Background: Zamzam water is naturally alkaline and rich in a variety of minerals which may represent a powerful tool for cancer therapy. In this research, the cytotoxic effects of Zamzam water were investigated in human lung cancer (A549) cell line and compared with human skin fibroblasts (HSF).

Methods: Two different preparations of Zamzam water were used: Z1, with pH adjusted to 7.

Resistin in human colon cancer. Increased expression independently of resistin promoter C-180G genotype.

Objective: To determine the relationship between resistin gene RETN C-180G variant and circulating resistin concentration in Saudi colon cancer patients.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Biochemistry Department, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from April 2009 to December 2009. The serum concentration had been measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 60 colon cancer patients and in 60 controls matched in gender and age.