Evaluating and enhancing the robustness of vision transformers against adversarial attacks in medical imaging.

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in medical image analysis. However, recent studies have uncovered significant vulnerabilities in DNN models, particularly their susceptibility to adversarial attacks that manipulate these models into making inaccurate predictions. Vision Transformers (ViTs), despite their advanced capabilities in medical imaging tasks, have not been thoroughly evaluated for their robustness against such attacks in this domain.

A case presentation of paroxysmal hypnogenic dyskinesia: clinical features and management.

Unlabelled: Paroxysmal Hypnogenic Dyskinesia (PHD) is a rare movement disorder characterized by involuntary movements, including chorea, athetosis, ballismus, and dystonia, which occur during the Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep stage. Therefore, the diagnosis of PHD is highly crucial due to the presence of differential diagnoses such as epilepsy and other sleep disorders. Although numerous mutations have been identified, the etiology of PHD, which arises from dysregulation in basal ganglia functions, remains unclear.

Drowsiness Mitigation Through Driver State Monitoring Systems: A Scoping Review.

Objective: To explore the scope of available research and to identify research gaps on in-vehicle interventions for drowsiness that utilize driver monitoring systems (DMS).

Background: DMS are gaining popularity as a countermeasure against drowsiness. However, how these systems can be best utilized to guide driver attention is unclear.

Scapular Winging Secondary to Iatrogenic Spinal Accessory Nerve Lesions.

Motor innervation of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles is provided solely by the spinal accessory nerve (SAN). SAN palsy most often occurs as a result of iatrogenic injury to the nerve. A patient, who had undergone neck dissection for thyroid cancer, presented with pain and reduced range of motion of the shoulders.

Evaluation of patients with late-onset and medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy with mesial temporal sclerosis.

Objectives: Our study aims to compare demographics, clinical features and postsurgical outcomes between early and late-onset patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) related to mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS).

Patients And Methods: Seventy-one patients admitting to the Epilepsy Clinic of Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine between 1995-2015, who were diagnosed with refractory TLE related to MTS, were included in our study. All of these patients were resistant to medical treatment, and thus candidates for, or underwent surgery, and had no pathology other than MTS in their cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

The effect of intraoperative distractions on severe technical events in laparoscopic bariatric surgery.

Background: Given the complexity of the operating room (OR), it is unsurprising that surgeons frequently feel distracted while performing operative tasks. However, this relationship is not well studied in live surgeries. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between intraoperative distractions and technical events using surgical data.

[Treatment approach to apnestic breathing in a patient with vocal cord paralysis due to Arnold Chiari malformation and tracheostomy].

Arnold Chiari malformation (ACM) is herniation of brain stem structures, especially cerebellar tonsils, from the foramen magnum into the cervical spinal canal. Sleep-related respiratory disorders are reported at a higher rate in this patient group than the general population, at about 60-75%. A 43-year-old male patient was diagnosed with ACM type 1.

Modulation of the excitatory phase following the cutaneous silent period by vibration.

Introduction: The post-inhibition excitatory phase (E3) of the cutaneous silent period (CSP) is attributed to the resynchronization of motoneuron activity following the inhibitory period but there is also evidence that a somatosensory startle reflex may contribute to this phase. We hypothesized that the startle reflex component contained in E3 will decrease during vibration.

Methods: Sixteen healthy individuals were included in the study.

Modulation of the Somatosensory Blink Reflex in the Peripersonal Space Is Defective in Episodic Migraine.

Objective: In migraine, there is an altered behavior of patients during the attack and an altered connectivity in the cortical structures modulating and encoding the sensation and pain. Thus, we hypothesized that the extent of the peripersonal space (PPS) and the responses in the PPS may change during a migraine attack. For this reason, we analyzed the modulation of somatosensory blink reflex (SBR) in the PPS during episodic migraine.

Changes in brainstem excitatory and inhibitory pathways in dry eye syndrome.

Background: We hypothesized that there may be changes in sensory integration pathways in patients with dry eye. To confront this issue, we analyzed blink reflex (BR), prepulse modulation (PPM) of BR, and excitability recovery of BR to paired stimuli in 17 experimental subjects with dry eye syndrome.

Method: We included 17 experimental subjects, 8 with primary and 9 with secondary, dry eye syndrome.

Reversible decryption of covert nanometer-thick patterns in modular metamaterials.

Continuous development of security features is mandatory for the fight against forgery of valuable documents and products, the most notable example being banknotes. Such features demonstrate specific properties under certain stimuli such as fluorescent patterns glowing under ultraviolet light. These security features should also be hard to copy by unlicensed people and be interrogated by anyone using easily accessible tools.

Quantitative Data for Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Acupuncture Effectiveness in Treatment of Fibromyalgia Syndrome.

. To evaluate the effects of acupuncture and transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) applications on the quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) changes and to evaluate their therapeutic effects in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The study included 42 patients with FMS and 21 healthy volunteers.

Use of clomiphene citrate alone, urinary follicle-stimulating hormone alone, or both combined sequentially in patients with unexplained subfertility undergoing intrauterine insemination: A randomized trial.

Objective: To compare the successes of clomiphene citrate (CC) alone, pure human urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (uFSH) alone, and both combined sequentially in patients with unexplained subfertility couples undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI).

Materials And Methods: Patients aged 18-38 years who had a normal uterine cavity, at least one normal fallopian tube, and regular menses and were unable to conceive despite unprotected intercourse for at least 12 months were randomized to receive CC alone, uFSH alone, or sequential CC and uFSH before a single IUI. The primary outcomes were clinical pregnancy and live birth rates.

Effects of two different aquatic exercise trainings on cardiopulmonary endurance and emotional status in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Background: Aquatic exercises are often recommended for people with osteoarthritis (OA), however, there is a lack of evidence about the effects of these exercises.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two different aquatic exercise trainings on cardiopulmonary endurance and emotional status in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods: Eighty-nine patients who had been diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis were divided into three groups as two different aquatic exercise training groups (only lower extremity training vs.

Does minimally invasive surgery reduce anxiety?

Objective: To evaluate whether there were any differences in preoperative and postoperative anxiety in patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) (n=37) and total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) (n=37).

Material And Methods: All premenopausal patients who underwent TLH or TAH because of benign uterine disorders were enrolled. Anxiety status was assessed 6 hours before and after the operation using standardized validated questionnaires: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.

Colorimetric detection of ultrathin dielectrics on strong interference coatings.

Metal films covered with ultrathin lossy dielectrics can exhibit strong interference effects manifested as the broad absorption of the incident light resulting in distinct surface colors. Despite their simple bilayer structures, such surfaces have only recently been scrutinized and applied mainly to color printing. Here, we report the use of such surfaces for colorimetric detection of ultrathin dielectrics.

Comparison of the distinctive pathological features of and p16 and c-Kitexpression levels in benign and malignant endometrial polyps.

Background/aim: Histopathological examination is crucial for the effective management of endometrial polyps. Immunohistochemical markers such as p16 and c-Kit may facilitate the differential diagnoses of benign and malignant polyps. The aim of the present study was to explore the expression levels of c-Kit (CD117) and p16 in endometrial polyps of postmenopausal women.

Role of diffusion weighted MRI in the differential diagnosis of endometrial cancer, polyp, hyperplasia, and physiological thickening.

Our purpose was to evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of various common pathologies of the uterine cavity, by comparing them with contrast-enhanced MRI findings. One hundred sixty-four patients with lesions in endometrial cavity were included in the study. The patients were grouped in four (one malignant and three benign groups).

Effect of mirror therapy on upper extremity motor function in stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial.

[Purpose] This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mirror therapy combined with a conventional rehabilitation program on upper extremity motor and functional recovery in stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty-one hemiplegic patients were included. The patients were randomly assigned to a mirror (n=16) or conventional group (n=15).

Comparison of the Classical Method and SEE-FIM Protocol in Detecting Microscopic Lesions in Fallopian Tubes with Gynecological Lesions.

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the classical method and Sectioning and Extensively Examining the Fimbriated End Protocol (SEE-FIM) in detecting microscopic lesions in fallopian tubes with gynecological lesions.

Methods: From a total of 1,118 cases, 582 with various parts of both fallopian tubes sampled in three-ring-shape sections and 536 sampled with the SEE-FIM protocol were included in this study. Pathological findings of cases with endometrial carcinoma, non-uterine pelvic malignant tumor, ovarian borderline tumors, premalignancy, and benign lesions were compared.

Perfectly absorbing ultra thin interference coatings for hydrogen sensing.

Here we numerically demonstrate a straightforward method for optical detection of hydrogen gas by means of absorption reduction and colorimetric indication. A perfectly absorbing metal-insulator-metal (MIM) thin film interference structure is constructed using a silver metal back reflector, silicon dioxide insulator, and palladium as the upper metal layer and hydrogen catalyst. The thickness of silicon dioxide allows the maximizing of the electric field intensity at the Air/SiO2 interface at the quarter wavelengths and enabling perfect absorption with the help of highly absorptive palladium thin film (∼7 nm).

The Clinical and Urodynamic Results of Percutaneous Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation on Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity in Patients With Parkinson's Disease.

Objective: To investigate the effect of percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) treatment after 12 weeks on urodynamic and clinical findings in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with neurogenic detrusor overactivity.

Methods: A total of 47 patients with PD with neurogenic detrusor overactivity were enrolled in the study. Urodynamic studies before and after 12-week PTNS treatment were performed.

Long term sustained therapeutic effects of percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation treatment of neurogenic overactive bladder in multiple sclerosis patients: 12-months results.

Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the sustained therapeutic efficacy and treatment intervals for PTNS in NOAB with MS, offering periodic additional treatments during 1 year in patients who completed an initial course of 12 consecutive weekly sessions.

Methods: A total of 34 patients enrolled to the PTNS treatment and 21 patients completed the 1 year PTNS treatment with a tapering protocol of 6, 9, and 12 months of therapy, respectively. After 12 weeks of therapy, PTNS was applied at 14 day intervals for 3 months, 21 day intervals for 3 months, and 28 day intervals for 3 months.