Dysphagia development in heart failure patients: A scoping review.

Objective: Dysphagia significantly affects older adults, particularly those with heart failure (HF). This scoping review aimed to delineate the development of dysphagia and its contributing factors in patients with HF.

Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and CENTRAL databases up to September 2023, focusing on studies involving HF patients aged 60 and above, particularly those assessing post-hospitalization dysphagia.

Age and sex differences in sarcopenic dysphagia: A secondary data analysis.

Background: Age and sex differences in sarcopenic dysphagia are unknown. The purpose is to characterize age and sex differences in sarcopenic dysphagia.

Methods: A cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study using information from the Japanese database on sarcopenic dysphagia was performed.

Low handgrip strength as a marker of severity in the diagnostic criteria for cancer cachexia.

Background & Aims: The diagnostic criteria for cachexia, as proposed by the Asian Working Group for Cachexia (AWGC), include weight loss, a low body mass index, and additional factors such as a low handgrip strength (HGS), anorexia, or elevated CRP levels. This study aimed to evaluate the significance of low HGS as a diagnostic criterion in patients with advanced cancer.

Methods: This single-centre, retrospective cohort study was conducted between April 2019 and March 2023.

Effects of Sarcopenia on Changes in the Prevalence of Patients with Depressive Mood during Inpatient Geriatric Rehabilitation.

Background: The effect of sarcopenia on depressive mood during geriatric rehabilitation remains unclear. This study investigated the potential influence of sarcopenia on depressive mood among geriatric patients in a rehabilitation setting.

Methods: This observational cohort study enrolled 204 patients aged ≥65 years (mean age, 78.

Association between oral frailty and sarcopenia among frailty clinic outpatients: A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of oral frailty and explore its relationship with oral function and sarcopenia among older outpatients.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we retrospectively included older patients who visited a frailty outpatient clinic. We assessed total oral frailty employing, among other measures, oral diadochokinesis (/ta/ sound) for tongue-lip movement and tongue pressure.

Predicting Mortality Risks Using Body Mass Index and Weight Loss at Admission in Patients with Heart Failure.

Background: The association of the combination of body mass index (BMI) and weight change at admission with prognoses in patients with heart failure (HF) is unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether BMI and weight changes at admission affect mortality in patients with HF.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study lasted 99 months, starting in April 2014, and included 4,862 patients with HF from a Japanese real-world database.

Prevalence of dysphagia in patients after orthopedic surgery.

Objectives: Oropharyngeal dysphagia is one of the most prevalent health complications in older adults. The prevalence of postoperative dysphagia is expected to rise with the increasing number of older patients undergoing orthopedic surgery; however, the specific prevalence and contributing factors remain unclear. This scoping review aimed to identify the prevalence and factors related to postoperative dysphagia in older orthopedic patients.

Prevalence and Characteristics of the Course of Dysphagia in Hospitalized Older Adults.

Sarcopenic dysphagia (SD) is an emerging concern in geriatric medicine. This study aimed to identify the prevalence, progression, and distinct attributes of SD in patients in the Department of Geriatric Medicine. Older adult patients admitted between 2021 and 2022 were enrolled.

Nutrition provided during the final weeks to patients with non-gastrointestinal solid malignancies.

Background & Aims: Data regarding the delivery of nutrition and nutritional infusions to patients with terminal cancer remain limited; therefore, this real-world analysis investigated differences in nutrition delivery and infusion statuses for patients with terminal-stage cancers.

Methods: Patients who had died following hospitalization for more than seven days due to neoplasms between April 2014 and December 2018 were identified using the medical claims database of Japan. Data regarding oral diets, enteral feeding, infusion volumes, and infusion energies were extracted.

Ultrasonography for Eating and Swallowing Assessment: A Narrative Review of Integrated Insights for Noninvasive Clinical Practice.

Dysphagia is a syndrome of abnormal eating function resulting from a variety of causative diseases, and is associated with malnutrition. To date, the swallowing function has been difficult to examine without the use of invasive and expensive methods, such as the videofluorographic swallowing study or fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. In recent years, progress has been made in the clinical application of ultrasound equipment for the evaluation of body compositions near the body surface, including the assessment of nutritional status.

Association of body mass index and weight change with death in patients with advanced cancer.

Objective: Conventional diagnostic criteria for cachexia are based on Western studies. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in body mass index (BMI) and the rate of weight change associated with adverse outcomes in Asian patients with advanced cancer.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the administrative claims database compiled by the Japan Medical Data Center Inc.

Body mass index and weight change are associated with mortality in chronic kidney disease: A retrospective cohort study using a Japanese medical claims database.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate body mass index (BMI) and rate of weight change associated with adverse outcomes in Asian patients with chronic kidney disease.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed between April 2014 and June 2022 using the administrative claims database compiled by the Japan Medical Data Center. Patients were defined as individuals with comorbidities with chronic kidney disease stages 3 to 5 on admission and were aged ≥40 y with BMI at admission and BMI information from a previous admission 3 to 12 mo earlier.

Diagnosis and prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in patients with colorectal cancer: A scoping review.

Background & Aims: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is associated with worse outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the diagnostic methods and prevalence of SO vary among studies. Therefore, we conducted this scoping review to investigate the diagnosis of SO in CRC, identify the associated problems, and determine its prevalence.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews reporting guidelines.

Nutritional counseling for patients with incurable cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: This systematic review aims to determine whether nutritional counseling by registered dietitians and/or nutritional specialists is recommended for adult patients with incurable advanced or recurrent cancer who are refractory to or intolerant of anticancer therapy.

Methods: This systematic review analyzed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of nutritional counseling in cancer patients older than 18 years, primarily those with stage 4 cancer. Nutrition counseling was performed by registered dietitians and/or nutritional specialists using any method, including group sessions, telephone consultations, written materials, and web-based approaches.

Trajectories of the Prevalence of Sarcopenia in the Pre- and Post-Stroke Periods: A Systematic Review.

Interventions for stroke-related sarcopenia in patients with stroke are needed, but the details of the target population are unclear. This systematic review aimed to identify trajectories of the prevalence of sarcopenia in the pre- and post-stroke periods and to determine the diagnostic criteria used in patients with stroke. We searched for literature in six databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and Ichushi-web (in Japanese).

Prognostic implications of the global leadership initiative on malnutrition criteria as a routine assessment modality for malnutrition in hospitalized patients at a university hospital.

Background & Aims: Few studies have examined the association between mortality and malnutrition diagnosed using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria for routine nutritional assessment; thus, this association is not well known. We aimed to clarify the association between GLIM-defined malnutrition and mortality in a large population of hospitalized patients.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled adult patients admitted to Aichi Medical University Hospital between April 2019 and March 2021, who underwent nutritional assessment using the GLIM criteria.

Predictive Value of Temporal Muscle Thickness for Sarcopenia after Acute Stroke in Older Patients.

The assessment of sarcopenia is part of the nutritional assessment index and is essential in stroke management. This study aimed to identify and validate cutoff values of temporal muscle thickness (TMT) measured using computed tomography to identify sarcopenia after acute stroke. The participants were patients with stroke aged ≥65 years who were admitted to rehabilitation units.

Cachexia staging score predicts survival in patients with cancer who receive palliative care.

Objective: The aim of this study was to validate the cachexia staging score (CSS), a multidimensional, item-based diagnostic method of cachexia severity, for patients with advanced cancer receiving palliative care.

Methods: Eligible patients were those with cancer who received palliative care during hospitalization between May 2019 and April 2020. All data were collected retrospectively from medical records.

Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity based on newly proposed diagnostic criteria and functional outcomes in older adults undergoing rehabilitation.

In 2022, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) working group proposed uniform diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity. However, no study has adapted these criteria to an Asian population or examined sarcopenic obesity prevalence diagnosed using these criteria or its association with functional outcomes. This retrospective cohort study investigated sarcopenic obesity prevalence diagnosed based on the ESPEN and EASO criteria, and its association with functional outcomes in 1080 older Japanese patients (mean age 79.

Diet-induced inflammation is associated with sarcopenia and muscle strength in older adults who visit a frailty clinic.

Background: Diet-induced inflammation may be associated with sarcopenia; however, few reports have examined this relationship.

Aim: To examine the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and sarcopenia in older adults who visited a frailty clinic in Japan.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used outpatient data from the Frailty Registry Study.

Effect of tongue strength on clinical outcomes of patients: A systematic review.

Objectives: Whether decreased tongue strength is associated with poor clinical outcomes is unclear. This systematic review investigated the effect of decreased tongue strength on the clinical outcomes of adults requiring medical treatment.

Design: Systematic review.

Association between food texture levels consumed and the prevalence of malnutrition and sarcopenia in older patients after stroke.

Background/objectives: Texture-modified diets (TMDs) may affect nutritional status and sarcopenia in patients after stroke. This study aimed to investigate the association of food texture levels consumed by patients after stroke with the prevalence of malnutrition and sarcopenia.

Subjects/methods: This was a two-center cross-sectional study.