Inequalities in Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure Measured Using Financing Incidence Analysis (FIA): A Systematic Review.

Government efforts and reforms in health financing systems in various countries are aimed at achieving universal health coverage. Household spending on healthcare plays a very important role in achieving this goal. The aim of this systematic review was to assess out-of-pocket health expenditure inequalities measured by the FIA across different territories, in the context of achieving UHC by 2030.

An analysis of financial protection and financing incidence of out-of-pocket health expenditures in Kazakhstan from 2018 to 2021.

Universal health coverage relies on providing essential medical services and shielding individuals from financial risks. Our study assesses the progressivity of out-of-pocket (OOP) payments, identifies factors contributing to healthcare expenditure inequality, and examines catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) prevalence in Kazakhstan from 2018 to 2021. Using retrospective analysis of National Statistics Bureau data, we employed STATA 13 version for calculations CHE incidence, progressivity, Lorenz and concentration curves.

Predictors of Job Satisfaction and Association with Psychological Distress Among Academic Medicine Faculty in Kazakhstan.

Background: The growing concern for the faculty's well-being is allied with the emotionally demanding nature of teaching, which has an adverse effect on physical and mental health. There is abundant evidence that academic medicine faculty are subjected to high rates of dissatisfaction, distress, burnout, and turnover among medical educators. This study is dedicated to the exploration of the association between job satisfaction and psychological distress among academic medicine faculty in Kazakhstan.

Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among academic medicine faculty in Kazakhstan: a Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Psychological distress refers to a set of painful mental and physical symptoms of anxiety and depression, which often coexist and coincide with common somatic complaints and chronic conditions. In Kazakhstan, mental disorders are the second leading cause of years lived with disability. Currently, medical education in Kazakhstan is undergoing comprehensive reform, which creates an additional burden on faculty, fostering mental health concerns.

Using of the World Health Organization quality of life instrument, short form to patient after PCI or CABG surgery.

Objectives: This investigation aimed to estimate reliability of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire and quality of life of patients after PCI or CABG surgery.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 268 patients after PCI or CABG surgery were studied in East Kazakhstan and Pavlodar regions of Kazakhstan from September to December 2019. The Russian version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument, Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF) was used to measure their quality of life.

Assessment of primary healthcare accessibility and inequality in north-eastern Kazakhstan.

Out of the many aspects of health care, the concept of physical accessibility is a priority that not only encompasses availability of health care resources, but also requires that they are easily accessible for all. To assess this factor as expressed in terms of the number of available physicians in the north-eastern part of Kazakhstan, we used the enhanced two-step float catchment area in a geographic information system approach. The Gini index and the Lorentz curve were used to evaluate the economic inequality within this region.

Usefulness of FDG PET/CT derived parameters in prediction of histopathological finding during the surgery in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: Pancreatic cancer is the 4th most common cause of cancer death in Japan and exhibits a 5-year overall survival rate of approximately 7%. The accurate diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is important for determining the optimal management strategy. Fludeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG PET) integrated with computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) has emerged as a powerful imaging tool for detecting and evaluating various cancers, and it is used for staging, detecting local recurrence and distant metastasis, measuring therapeutic effects, and predicting prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients.

Clinical, Histopathological and Molecular Characteristics of Metastatic Breast Cancer in North-Eastern Kazakhstan: a 10 Year Retrospective Study.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the top cancer among women worldwide and has been the most frequent malignancy among Kazakhstan women over the past few decades. Information on clinical and histopathological features of metastatic breast cancer (MBC), as well as the distribution of molecular subtypes is limited for Kazakh people. Materials and Methods: The present observational retrospective study was carried out at Regional Oncologic Dispensaries in the North-East Region of Kazakhstan (in Semey and Pavlodar cities).

New combined parameter of liver and splenic stiffness as determined by elastography in healthy volunteers.

Background: The diagnosis of chronic liver disease (CLD) leading to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and portal hypertension had witnessed dramatic changes after the introduction of noninvasive figure accessible tools over the past few years. Imaging techniques that are based on evaluation of the liver stiffness was particularly useful in this respect. Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) emerged as an interesting figure tool with reliable repute and high precision.

The Characteristics of Road Traffic Fatalities in Kazakhstan's Semey Region, 2006-2010: A Descriptive Retrospective Study.

Background: Kazakhstan, a developing middle-income country, has the highest road traffic collision (RTC) mortality in the European Region. The aims of this study were to determine main characteristics of road traffic fatalities in Semey region, Kazakhstan and to compare findings with National data and middle-income European countries.

Methods: This descriptive surveillance study assesses RTC mortality rates and epidemiology in the Semey Region of East Kazakhstan Oblast.