Publications by authors named "Ayala-Ramirez Paola"

Introduction: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity in low- and middle-income countries, including those in Latin America. Placental vascular alterations are crucial in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and few studies have evaluated nucleotide variations on genes associated with vascular regulation in the human placenta. This study aimed to evaluate whether placental nucleotide variations on eNOS, VEGFA, and FLT-1 genes are more frequently associated with preeclampsia in the Latin American population.

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Background: The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 2 (TREM2) is a major regulator of neuroinflammatory processes in neurodegeneration. To date, the p.H157Y variant of has been reported only in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

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Background: The MLPA (multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification) technique is currently the test most widely used to detect mutations in the Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene in the initial assessment. However, several studies have suggested that MLPA results require implementing other detection methods due to false duplication. Our aim was to evaluate variables that could alter the peak ratio in MLPA in individuals with Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) who present sequence variants at the probe hybridization site, such as the location of sequence variants (SVs), melting temperature of the probe, and the type of variant.

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Unlabelled: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease of presenile onset. A better characterization of neurodegenerative disorders has been sought by using tools such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS), where associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and cognitive profiles could constitute predictive biomarkers for these diseases. However, in FTD, associations between genotypes and cognitive phenotypes are yet to be explored.

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Background: The ACE2 protein acts as a gateway for SARS-CoV-2 in the host cell, playing an essential role in susceptibility to infection by this virus. Genetics and epigenetic mechanisms related to the ACE2 gene are associated with changes in its expression and, therefore, linked to increased susceptibility to infection. Although some variables such as sex, age, and obesity have been described as risk factors for COVID-19, the molecular causes involved in the disease susceptibility are still unknown.

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In December 2019, the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly spread to become a pandemic. To date, increasing evidence has described the potential negative impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnant women. Although the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not entirely understood, there is emerging evidence that it causes a severe systemic inflammatory response associated with vascular alterations that could be of special interest considering some physiological changes in pregnancy.

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Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder that affects 2-8% of pregnancies and is one of the main causes of fetal, neonatal, and maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although PE etiology and pathophysiology remain unknown, there is evidence that the hyperactivation of maternal immunity cells against placental cells triggers trophoblast cell apoptosis and death. It has also been reported that placenta-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) carry Fas ligand (FasL) and Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and trigger apoptosis in Jurkat T cells.

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Aim: To analyze the differential genetic expression and protein localization of thrombomodulin (THBD) and tissue factor (F3) in the placentas of pregnancies affected by preeclampsia.

Methods: We assessed the expression of THBD and F3 by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in placentas from 20 PE cases: 10 early-onset PE placentas, 10 late-onset PE placentas, and 10 control cases (normal pregnancies).

Results: In cases, we found higher THBD and F3 RNA levels in placental tissue.

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In Latin America and the Caribbean, hypertensive pregnancy disorders are responsible for almost 26% of all maternal deaths [1] and, in Colombia, they account for 59% of all severe maternal morbidity (SMM) cases, and 59.7% of all SMM cases in adolescents [2]. One of the most important hypertensive pregnancy disorders is preeclampsia (PE).

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Background: Craniofacial microsomia (CFM), also known as the oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum, comprises a variable phenotype with the most common features including microtia and mandibular hypoplasia on one or both sides, in addition to lateral oral clefts, epibulbar dermoids, cardiac, vertebral, and renal abnormalities. The etiology of CFM is largely unknown. The MYT1 gene has been reported as a candidate based in mutations found in three unrelated individuals.

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Unlabelled: The placenta works as a selective barrier, protecting the fetus from potential infections that may affect the maternal organism during pregnancy. In this review, we will discuss several challenging infections that are common within Latin American countries and that may affect the maternal-fetal interface and pose risks to fetal development. Specifically, we will focus on emerging infectious diseases including the arboviruses, malaria, leishmaniasis, and the bacterial foodborne disease caused by Shiga toxin-producing .

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The origin and function of blood IgMIgDCD27 B cells is controversial, and they are considered a heterogeneous population. Previous staining of circulating B cells of healthy donors with rotavirus fluorescent virus-like particles allowed us to differentiate two subsets of IgMIgDCD27: IgM and IgM B cells. Here, we confirmed this finding and compared the phenotype, transcriptome, function, and Ig gene repertoire of these two subsets.

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Background: Umbilical cord (UC) abnormalities are related to neurological outcome and death; specific molecular factors that might be involved are, as yet, unknown; however, protein-coding genes insulin-like growth factor 2 () and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C () have been identified as potential candidates.

Methods: An analytical observational study was carried out. Newborn UCs were collected, along with their clinical and morphological features.

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Introduction: The VEGF family has been identified as abnormal in preeclampsia (PE). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are major contributors to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide; likewise, umbilical cord anatomical abnormalities (UCAA) are linked to poor neonatal outcomes. Based on the relationship described between PE and UCAA and the role of the VEGF family in PE, this study explored VEGF expression in placental and UC tissued from patients with PE and with UCAA.

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Introduction: Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, or mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type VI, is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficient activity of the enzyme arylsulfatase B (ARSB), required to degrade dermatan sulfate. The onset and progression of the disease vary, producing a spectrum of clinical presentation. So far, 133 mutations have been reported.

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Objective: to quantify placenta-specific RNA in plasma of women carrying foetuses with intrauterine growth restriction and pregnant women with normal pregnancies.

Methods: 8 pregnant women with foetuses with intrauterine growth restriction were studied as well as 18 women with uncomplicated pregnancies in the third pregnancy trimester. Total free RNA was quantified in maternal plasma by spectrophotometry and the gene expression of hPL (Human Placental Lactogen) at the messenger RNA level through technical Real Time-Chain Reaction Polymerase.

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