Contribution of aldehyde oxidase to methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity: in vitro and pharmacoepidemiological approaches.

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is partially metabolized by aldehyde oxidase (AOX) in the liver and its clinical impact remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate how AOX contributes to MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro and clarify the relationship between concomitant AOX inhibitor use and MTX-associated liver injury development using the U.S.

Percutaneous transesophageal gastro-tubing for management of gastric leakage after sleeve gastrectomy.

Gastric leakage is a challenging complication of sleeve gastrectomy. Multimodal approaches, including drainage, clipping, and stenting of the leak, are occasionally insufficient. We report successful management of refractory gastric leakage using percutaneous transesophageal gastro-tubing (PTEG).

Efficacy and tolerability of controlled-release oxycodone for oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy and the extension of FOLFOX therapy in advanced colorectal cancer patients.

Background: The oxaliplatin-based regimen FOLFOX is widely used to treat patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, dose-limiting toxicity after continuous oxaliplatin administration can lead to peripheral neuropathy. Several agents, including opioids, that have been employed to treat oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) have been examined in clinical settings regarding their protective and therapeutic effects.

Tumor-like growth of giant inflammatory polyposis in a patient with ulcerative colitis.

We report a unique case of giant obstructing inflammatory polyposis associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). A 25-year-old Japanese man with an UC history of 2 years and 6 months was referred to our institution because of diarrhea and melena. His computed tomography scan showed marked dilation of the transverse and descending colon; therefore, we performed total colectomy.

Association between genetic polymorphisms of the β1-adrenergic receptor and sensitivity to pain and fentanyl in patients undergoing painful cosmetic surgery.

Individual differences in the sensitivity to fentanyl, a widely used opioid analgesic, can hamper effective pain treatment. The adrenergic system is reportedly involved in the mechanisms of pain and analgesia. Here, we focused on one of the adrenergic receptor genes, ADRB1, and analyzed the influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ADRB1 gene on individual differences in pain and analgesic sensitivity.

Triple-negative breast cancer and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors.

Recent gene profiling studies have identified at least 5 major subtypes of breast cancer, including normal type, luminal A type, luminal B type, human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2 positive type, and basal-like type. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), showing no or low expressions of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and HER2, considered important clinical biomarkers, accounts for 10% to 20% of all breast cancers. Hormonal therapy and molecular targeted therapy are not indicated for the management of TNBC, resulting in poor outcomes.

Intersigmoid hernia: Report of a case.

A 28-year-old man with no previous history of abdominal surgery presented at a local hospital with abdominal pain. He was diagnosed to have an intestinal obstruction and was treated conservatively. However, the symptoms persisted, and he was thereafter referred to this hospital.

[Ten cases of advanced gastro-intestinal cancer that required preoperative dosage of PSK].

We examined ten convalescent cases of local progression digestive organ cancer, which required a radical operation after a 2-week administration of preoperative dosage of PSK. Because adjuvant chemotherapy was performed for all of the cases, 3 out of 5 advanced gastric cancer patients and 4 out of 5 advanced colorectal cancer patients had more than 5-year survival. We might be effective in controlling a host immune compromise for the lap art period, which was our aim, how long preoperative PSK dosage has contributed for the extension of survival duration.

[Regulation of perioperative immunological changes following laparotomy--effects of PSK on surgical stress].

Immune responses have been reported to decline following surgical stress, leading to an increased susceptibility to infection or to the growth of tumors. We report that preoperative treatment with PSK can inhibit the decline of immunocompetence during the perioperative period. BALB/c mice were laparotomized, and then the abdomens were closed.

Fournier's gangrene progressing from the buttocks to the scrotum following a perianal abscess.

We describe a case of gas-producing infection following a perianal abscess. A 61-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of perineal pain and was found to have a perianal abscess. He was diabetic but had not received treatment for the disease.