Isolation and Structures of Polyarene Palladium Nanoclusters.

We report that surrounding coordination of neutral six-membered arene rings affords molecularly well-defined organotransition metal nanoclusters. With the use of [2.2]paracyclophane as the face-capping arene ligand, we have isolated two polyarene palladium nanoclusters, one consisting of a hexakis-arene ligand shell and a hexagonal close-packed Pd anticuboctahedron trichloride core, and the other consisting of an octakis-arene ligand shell and a non-close-packed Pd square gyrobicupola dichloride core, both with Pd-Pd direct bonding.

Terahertz Spectroscopy of Tetrameric Peptides.

Determining the sequence and structure of peptides is crucial for understanding their structure-property relationships. Among many techniques, structures are typically elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. In this study, we present terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) as a complementary, nondestructive technique that is sensitive to both the primary and secondary structures of tetrapeptides.

[Effect of consensus on punitive behavior].

In addition to the cost of punishment, the fear that others would evaluate punishers negatively can be a major obstacle for resolving the second-order social dilemma or failure of providing sanctions useful for solving a social dilemma problem. In an experiment with 81 participants, we tested whether providing information that other participants were in favor of punishing non-cooperators in a social dilemma situation would enhance cooperation in the second-order dilemma (i.e.