The Comprehensive Characterization of B7-H3 Expression in the Tumor Microenvironment of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study.

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is refractory to various therapies for non-small cell cancer; therefore, new therapeutic approaches are required to improve the prognosis of LSCC. Although immunotherapies targeting B7 family molecules were explored as treatments for several cancer types, the expression and significance of B7-H3 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its relationship with other immune checkpoint molecules have not yet been investigated in detail. We used high-throughput quantitative multiplex immunohistochemistry to examine B7-H3 expression in the TME.

Usefulness of the Global Leadership Initiative on malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in preoperative nutritional assessment of patients with primary lung cancer.

Background And Aims: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) developed a new method for evaluating malnutrition; however, no consensus has been reached regarding the use of these criteria. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between nutritional status assessed using the GLIM criteria and outcomes of lung cancer after surgery.

Methods: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent lung resection and bioelectrical impedance analysis to estimate muscle mass before surgery were included.

Extended pleurectomy/decortication and hyperthermic intraoperative intrapleural cisplatin perfusion for malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of multimodality treatment including extended pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) and hyperthermic intraoperative chemotherapy (HIOC) with cisplatin for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), we investigated the pharmacokinetics of platinum, adverse events after HIOC, and survival outcome.

Methods: Fifty-three patients with pathologically diagnosed MPM (cT1-3N0-1M0, excluding sarcomatoid) underwent an extended P/D and HIOC (cisplatin 80 mg/m in saline 2 L, 42°C, 60 minutes) since 2011. The protocol includes postoperative 4 cycles of cisplatin and pemetrexed.

Extubation by supraglottic airway after lobectomy prevents cough-associated air leaks and prolonged coughing or sore throat.

Objectives: Double-lumen endobronchial tubes (DLTs) are essential for differential lung ventilation during pulmonary lobectomy, but they are more rigid, longer, larger in diameter and irritable. Coughing at extubation sometimes causes airway and lung injury, which causes severe air leaks, prolonged cough and sore throat. We examined the prevalence of cough-associated air leaks at extubation and postoperative cough or sore throat after lobectomy and evaluated the efficacy of supraglottic airway (SGA) in preventing these complications.

Spatial and Quantitative Analysis of Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Intratumoral CD163-/PD-L1+ TAMs as a Marker of Favorable Clinical Outcomes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and abnormalities in cancer cells affect cancer progression and response to therapy. TAMs are a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in breast cancer, with their invasion affecting clinical outcomes. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), a target of immune checkpoint inhibitors, acts as a suppressive signal for the surrounding immune system; however, its expression and effect on TAMs and the clinical outcome in breast cancer are unknown.

Quantitative high-throughput analysis of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer.

In breast cancer (BC), the development of cancer immunotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibitors has progressed. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is one of the important factors for an immune response between tumor cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, and the presence of TILs has been identified as predictors of response to chemotherapy. However, because complex mechanisms underlies the crosstalk between immune cells and cancer cells, the relationship between immune profiles in the tumor microenvironment and the efficacy of the immune checkpoint blocked has been unclear.

Stratification of lung squamous cell carcinoma based on ferroptosis regulators: Potential for new therapeutic strategies involving ferroptosis induction.

Objectives: Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) exhibits poor response to treatment compared with other lung cancer subtypes, resulting in worse prognosis. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are required for advanced LSCC. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered nonapoptotic cell death caused by intracellular lipid peroxidation that can bring about effective cell death in cancer cells resistant to apoptosis.

Postoperative Delirium in Lung Cancer Anatomical Resection-Analysis of Risk Factors and Prognosis.

Background: The incidence of postoperative delirium after anatomical lung resection ranges from 5 to 16%. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors and prognosis of postoperative delirium in anatomical lung resection for lung cancer.

Methods: This study included 1351 patients undergoing anatomical lung resection between April 2010 and October 2020.

Preoperative nutritional status is associated with the prognosis for lung cancer.

Background: We investigated whether preoperative nutritional indicators predicted the prognosis for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods: Data for stage I or stage IIA non-small cell lung cancer without lymph node metastasis patients who received anatomical lung resection and were followed-up at least five years after surgery ( = 286) were analyzed. We calculated geriatric nutritional risk index, prognostic nutritional index, controlling nutritional status score, and modified Glasgow prognostic score.

A rare case of thymoma with entire-tumor calcification.

A 49-year-old woman presented with cough, and chest X-rays showed an abnormal shadow. Chest computed tomography showed an anterior mediastinal 40-mm mass with massive calcification. The patient underwent mediastinal tumor excision performed using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Lung Cancer Lobectomy-Analysis of Risk Factors and Prognosis.

Background: The incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after pulmonary lobectomy ranges from 6.4 to 12.6%.

The impact of pulmonary metastasectomy from gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer remains the most commonly-occurring cancer and the third most frequent cause of cancer-associated mortality in Japan. Solitary pulmonary metastasis of gastric cancer is rare and the outcome of pulmonary metastasectomy is still unclear. Herein we report the impact of pulmonary resection in patients with metastasis from gastric cancer.

Clinico-bacteriological analysis for video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy of non-tuberculous mycobacteria.

Background: The prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has been increasing in recent years, and thus the number of related surgeries. In recent studies, a few recent studies reported that NTM patients require preoperative treatment. In addition, some cases are found to be granuloma suspected to be NTM (gsNTM) after surgery.

[Pneumocystis Pneumonia-induced Pneumothorax Treated with Surgery and Insertion of an Endobronchial Watanabe Spigot;Report of a case].

Pneumothorax induced by Pneumocystis jirovecii( P. jirovecii) pneumonia is often refractory to treatment. A man in his 30's who had malignant lymphoma and received chemotherapy developed P.

The prognostic nutritional index in resected high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Objective: The prognostic nutritional index is a potential predictive indicator in other cancers and can be easily determined at low cost. To identify useful prognostic markers for high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas, we examined the prognostic significance of the prognostic nutritional index in patients with resected high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed perioperative clinical and laboratory data of patients who underwent pulmonary resection for high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma between January 2000 and December 2014.

Clinical features of HIV-infected patients with non-small-cell lung cancer after lung resection.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify the surgical outcome for HIV-infected patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Six HIV-positive patients underwent lung resection as treatment for NSCLC at our hospital from July 2010 to December 2017. Their clinical information was collected based upon review of their medical records.

Surgery for Pulmonary Fungal Infections Complicating Hematological Malignancies.

Background: The complication rate of fungal disease is higher among patients with hematological malignancies. We investigated the clinicobacteriological outcomes of resected pulmonary fungal infections complicating hematological malignancies.

Methods: Between 2001 and 2017, 21 patients with pulmonary fungal infections complicating hematological malignancies underwent resection, and their clinical records and survival were retrospectively reviewed.

Excision of thoracic vertebral chondrosarcoma after spinal decompression.

A 44-year-old man presented with an abnormal chest shadow. Computed tomography-guided biopsy showed a chondral tumor of the thoracic vertebrae. Five years later, he developed a walking disorder, left leg numbness, and a vesicorectal disorder.

Chylothorax post thoracoscopic surgery for an anterior mediastinal tumor.

Chylothorax after anterior mediastinal surgery is rare. We treated a 39-year-old woman who presented with progressive dyspnea over 6 months. Chest computed tomography revealed a 12-cm round mass in the right anterior mediastinum.

Resection for Pancreatic Cancer Lung Metastases.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive solid tumor. Patients with metastases from pancreatic cancer have poor survival rates. Here, we report the outcomes of 6 patients for whom resection of lung metastases was performed after a pancreatectomy to treat pancreatic cancer.

[Resection of a Chest Wall Desmoid Tumor with Chest Wall Reconstruction;Report of a Case].

A primary desmoid tumor arising from the chest wall is extremely rare. We report the case of a 57-year-old man presenting with a desmoid tumor arising from his chest wall. Chest radiograph at a regular medical checkup indicated an abnormal shadow.

Clinicopathologic features of minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules.

Purpose Minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules are incidentally discovered in lung specimens. We analyzed the clinicopathologic features of 14 cases identified in surgically resected lungs. Methods Among patients who underwent lung resection in our hospital from October 2007 to March 2016, 14 were found to have minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules.

Prognostic significance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios in large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Objectives: Large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs) are rare neuroendocrine pulmonary malignancies with poor survival. Towards the goal of identifying a useful prognostic marker for LCNEC, we examined the prognostic significance of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in LCNEC patients after complete resection. The NLR is a potential predictive indicator in other cancers and can be easily determined at low cost.