Quantification of fluticasone propionate in human plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application in the pharmacokinetic study of nasal spray at clinical doses.

We developed a method for quantifying fluticasone propionate (FP) using general-purpose liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry equipment to measure the plasma concentration of FP for the pharmacokinetic study of FP following the administration of a prescribed nasal spray dose (100 μg). Using ammonium acetate (0.01 M)-formic acid (pH 2.

Low molecular weight pentastarch is more effective than crystalloid solution in goal-directed fluid management in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery.

Background: This prospective observational study compared the volume effect between hydroxyethyl starch (HES) and crystalloid solution and its context dependency in intraoperative goal-directed fluid management.

Methods: With institutional review board (IRB) approval, 35 patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery were enrolled. Fluid challenge consisting of 250 ml of either bicarbonate Ringer solution (BRS) or low molecular weight pentastarch (HES 70/0.

Targeted tissue oxidation in the cerebral cortex induces local prolonged depolarization and cortical spreading depression in the rat brain.

Spreading depression (SD) has been linked to several neurological disorders as epilepsy, migraine aura, trauma, and cerebral ischemia, which were also influenced by disorderliness of the brain redox homeostasis. To investigate whether local tissue oxidation directly induces SD, we oxidized a restricted local area of the rat cerebral cortex using photo-dynamic tissue oxidation (PDTO) technique and examined the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and direct current (DC) potential in and around the oxidized area. Intensive PDTO induced prolonged depolarization only in the photo-oxidized area, which led to global changes of CBF and DC potential: synchronous negative shifts of DC potential (with an amplitude of approximately 20 mV) and hyperperfusion of CBF occurred.